SynthesisPrehospital and disaster medicine2023
Prehospital Emergency Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Prehospital and disaster medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Access to quality trauma care after injury in Pakistan: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Smartphone Apps on Reperfusion Times and Clinical Outcomes in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of external bleeding control training courses on lay first-person responders'knowledge, skills, and attitudes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Pooled it
- Feasibility of prehospital telemedicine for paediatric emergencies: a cluster-randomised pilot trial in Karachi, Pakistan.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Video Streaming or Telephone Communication During Emergency Medical Services Dispatch Calls: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Health system readiness for out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest management in resource limited settings: A mixed-method study from rural and suburban Sindh, Pakistan.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Prehospital trauma systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a qualitative systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Global academic productivity in emergency medicine and research output by countries of different income levels.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- The missing middle in war and disaster critical care: stabilization, referral, and hospital pre-alert in conflict-affected Somalia.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Delays in Initiating Ambulance Transport Following Emergency Patient Referral to Mulago National Referral Hospital.Cureus · 2026Article
- Assessment of Prehospital Emergency Care Resources in Urban and Rural Rwanda Using the WHO Health System Framework: A Cross-Sectional Study.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness and utilization of the primary emergency care training in Nepal: a longitudinal mixed methods study.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap in pre-hospital maternity care: emergency personnel's knowledge and clinical skills in managing obstetric emergencies.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Dispatch in disasters - a descriptive analysis of pre-hospital surge capacity in Rwanda's Emergency medical services.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Profile, Clinical Presentations, and Complications of Gunshot Wounds in Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in the Armed Conflict Zone of Goma in Eastern DR Congo.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Implementing the WHO/ICRC Basic Emergency Care course training for health workers in conflict-affected regions in Somalia.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in three EMS centers in northern and central Thailand: a mixed-methods call for a national data infrastructure.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Pre-Hospital Delay in STEMI: A Narrative Review of Symptom Onset-to-First Medical Contact Across High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical cardiology · 2026Review
- National and Subnational Models of Care That Support Primary Health Care: A Mixed-Methods Study.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn under-developed and fragmented prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is a major obstacle to the timely care of emergency patients. Insufficient emphasis on prehospital emergency systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) currently causes a substantial number of avoidable deaths from time-sensitive illnesses, highlighting a critical need for improved prehospital emergency care systems. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the prehospital emergency care services across LMICs.
methodsThis systematic review used four electronic databases, namely: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS, to search for published reports on prehospital emergency medical care in LMICs. Only peer-reviewed studies published in English language from January 1, 2010 through November 1, 2022 were included in the review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Further, the protocol of this systematic review has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (Ref: CRD42022371936) and has been conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
resultsOf the 4,909 identified studies, a total of 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in the review. Prehospital emergency care structure, transport care, prehospital times, health outcomes, quality of information exchange, and patient satisfaction were the most reported outcomes in the considered studies.
conclusionsThe prehospital care system in LMICs is fragmented and uncoordinated, lacking trained medical personnel and first responders, inadequate basic materials, and substandard infrastructure.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.