ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2023
Protective guidelines and mitigation strategies for hot conditions in professional football: starting 11 Hot Tips for consideration.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 Men's FIFA Football World Cup: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- One Step Further: Integrating Evidence-Based Guidelines into Practice to Address Environmental Challenges at the Men's 2026 FIFA World Cup.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Effects of Pre-cooling and Cooling Breaks on Thermoregulatory, Physiological and Match Running Responses During Football in Moderate and Hot Temperatures.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Association between environmental heat stress and 30:15 intermittent fitness test performance in youth football players: a two-season observational study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Physical performance in elite male soccer under extreme heat: A case study of the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- Extreme heat risk and the potential implications for the scheduling of football matches at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Match-Play Characteristics and Environmental Temperatures in 4 Professional Football Leagues.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Associations between injury occurrence and environmental temperatures in the Australian and German professional football leagues.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Prospective heat stress risk assessment for professional soccer players in the context of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elevated heat, humidity and solar load combined with low air movement independently and additively impair performance, increase the perception of effort and the risk of heat-related illnesses. For the specific context of professional football, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) heat guidelines are often used as the default policy. Still, these seem less protective than guidelines in other sports or from countries traditionally exposed to extreme hot conditions. Following several high-profile international and continental competitions played in hot conditions (eg, 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil), a series of cross-sectional studies showed that national team players and their managers unanimously mentioned that the hot and humid conditions during these matches made it difficult as a team to perform. Such a concern is likely to be relevant for the upcoming 2026 FIFA World Cup that will be held in the traditional June-July window across 16 host cities in Canada, Mexico and USA. Therefore, to better protect players' health and performance during training and match play in hot conditions, we present our starting 11 Hot Tips that should be considered and facilitated by governing bodies, competition organisers, clubs, staff members and players.
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