ArticleSaudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
Evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of infantile esotropia.
Article in Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Use of Botulinum Toxin for Esotropia Treatment in Government Hospitals of Bahrain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Dose-Effect Relationship of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Management of Strabismus: A Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Plasma exchange treatment of a diabetic ketoacidosis child with hyperlipidemia to avoid pancreatitis: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes and complications of botulinum toxin injection (BTX) as the primary treatment of infantile esotropia (IET).
methodsWe included patients with IET who underwent BTX from 2015 to 2020. IET was defined as esotropia present before 12 months of age, with no significant refractive error, or limitation of rotations. We defined success as a postoperative angle of 0-10 prism diopters (PD).
resultsSixty-three patients met our inclusion criteria (38 male patients [60.3%]). The mean age was 18 ± 8 months (range: 10-26), onset 6 ± 4 months (range: 2-10), and follow-up of 29 ± 25 months (range: 4-54). Amblyopia was present in 45 patients (71.4%). Number of BTX was, 1 in 42 (66.7%), 2 in 17 (27%), 3 in 4 (4.8%), and 4 in 1 (1.6%). The 1
conclusionThe success rate of BTX for IET was 51%. BTX can be offered as an alternative to surgery to those who cannot undergo prolonged anesthesia or where accurate measurements could not be obtained.
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Registered trials
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