ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
An ecological study on reinfection rates using a large dataset of RT-qPCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Santiago of Chile.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 Reinfections in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: Prevalence and Socioeconomic Factors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The sensitivity and specificity of Abbott Panbio™ COVID 19 Ag Rapid test in the context of four SARS-CoV-2 variants.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 3 Years after the Start of the Pandemic: A Population-Level Observational Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring transfer learning in chest radiographic images within the interplay between COVID-19 and diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: As the SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, new variants pose a significant threat by potentially overriding the immunity conferred by vaccination and natural infection. This scenario can lead to an upswing in reinfections, amplified baseline epidemic activity, and localized outbreaks. In various global regions, estimates of breakthrough cases associated with the currently circulating viral variants, such as Omicron, have been reported. Nonetheless, specific data on the reinfection rate in Chile still needs to be included. Methods: Our study has focused on estimating COVID-19 reinfections per wave based on a sample of 578,670 RT-qPCR tests conducted at the University of Santiago of Chile (USACH) from April 2020 to July 2022, encompassing 345,997 individuals. Results: The analysis reveals that the highest rate of reinfections transpired during the fourth and fifth COVID-19 waves, primarily driven by the Omicron variant. These findings hold despite 80% of the Chilean population receiving complete vaccination under the primary scheme and 60% receiving at least one booster dose. On average, the interval between initial infection and reinfection was found to be 372 days. Interestingly, reinfection incidence was higher in women aged between 30 and 55. Additionally, the viral load during the second infection episode was lower, likely attributed to Chile's high vaccination rate. Discussion: This study demonstrates that the Omicron variant is behind Chile's highest number of reinfection cases, underscoring its potential for immune evasion. This vital epidemiological information contributes to developing and implementing effective public health policies.
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