ReviewCommunications medicine2023
Quantification of race/ethnicity representation in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging research in the USA: a systematic review.
Review in Communications medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review/meta-analysis of prevalence and incidence rates illustrates systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian-American in ADRD research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Engagement of understudied populations as community change: The South Texas ADRC model.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Digital maze test reveals cognitive performance patterns associated with amyloid-β and tau.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Preserved Medial Temporal Lobe Flexibility Predicts Memory Generalization Only in the Context of Good Sleep Quality among Older African Americans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Deep survival modeling to predict future cognitive impairment in unimpaired adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Canadian multi-ethnic research on aging (CAMERA) study: Design, participant characteristics, and preliminary findings.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- The relationships between ethnoracial identity, Aβ positivity, APOEε4, and medial temporal lobe tau PET.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- APOE and plasma AD biomarkers: The role of genetic ancestry in Hispanics/Latinos.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Differences in cognitive performance and neuroanatomy according to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Integration of AI diagnostic tools into clinical practice for Alzheimer's disease: barriers and solutions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Recognizing Structural and Social Determinants of Health in the Diagnosis and Care of Dementia.Dementia (London, England) · 2026Article
- Epigenomics in Understanding Racial Disparities of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Alzheimer Disease Imaging Biomarkers in a Diverse, Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Plasma Aβ42/p-Tau217 ratio and p-Tau217 independently predict CSF-defined Alzheimer's disease pathology in a Brazilian admixed cohort.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Facilitating research participation through a research navigator programme: researchers' insights from a project with asylum seekers and refugees.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Validity of gold-standard clinical outcome assessments in U.S. Latinx-Hispanic participants enrolled in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: A literature review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Beyond Alzheimer's disease-translating biomarker insights across CNS diseases.Science translational medicine · 2025Review
- Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current State and Future Directions.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Review
- Association between Trust of Researchers and Willingness to Participate in Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Research.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial and ethnic minoritized groups are disproportionately at risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but are not sufficiently recruited in AD neuroimaging research in the United States. This is important as sample composition impacts generalizability of findings, biomarker cutoffs, and treatment effects. No studies have quantified the breadth of race/ethnicity representation in the AD literature.
methodsThis review identified median race/ethnicity composition of AD neuroimaging US-based research samples available as free full-text articles on PubMed. Two types of published studies were analyzed: studies that directly report race/ethnicity data (i.e., direct studies), and studies that do not report race/ethnicity but used data from a cohort study/database that does report this information (i.e., indirect studies).
resultsDirect studies (n = 719) have median representation of 88.9% white or 87.4% Non-Hispanic white, 7.3% Black/African American, and 3.4% Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, with 0% Asian American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native, Multiracial, and Other Race participants. Cohort studies/databases (n = 44) from which indirect studies (n = 1745) derived are more diverse, with median representation of 84.2% white, 83.7% Non-Hispanic white, 11.6% Black/African American, 4.7% Hispanic/Latino, and 1.75% Asian American participants. Notably, 94% of indirect studies derive from just 10 cohort studies/databases. Comparisons of two time periods using a median split for publication year, 1994-2017 and 2018-2022, indicate that sample diversity has improved recently, particularly for Black/African American participants (3.39% from 1994-2017 and 8.29% from 2018-2022).
conclusionsThere is still underrepresentation of all minoritized groups relative to Census data, especially for Hispanic/Latino and Asian American individuals. The AD neuroimaging literature will benefit from increased representative recruitment of ethnic/racial minorities. More transparent reporting of race/ethnicity data is needed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.