ArticleEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2023
REducing INFectiOns thRough Cardiac device Envelope: insight from real world data. The REINFORCE project.
Article in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Pocket Flush and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Meta-Analysis of Real-World Studies.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact on outcomes of device algorithms for minimizing right ventricular pacing.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Precision Prevention in CIED Infection: Interpreting the Signal Beyond the Pooled Estimate.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Antimicrobial Envelopes in Preventing Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- Trends in cardiac implantable electronic device infections: 2015 to 2019.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Delphi consensus recommendations for preventing and treating cardiac implantable electronic device infections beyond current guidelines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Current Management of Infective Endocarditis: A Narrative Review Focused on Unmet Clinical Needs and the Multidisciplinary Approach.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Erratum: Cost-Effectiveness of an Absorbable Antibacterial Envelope for Infection Control in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Procedures in Spain.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of an Absorbable Antibacterial Envelope for Infection Control in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Procedures in Spain.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Contemporary practice about cardiac implantable electronic device infections prevention: A French multicenter survey.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Article
- Addressing Complications in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guideline to Prevention of CIED Infection.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Preclinical evaluation of a compliant and absorbable cardiac implantable electronic device antibacterial envelope.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Recurrent rash over a cardiac implantable electronic device: A rare case of antibacterial envelope hypersensitivity.HeartRhythm case reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of cardiac device envelopes in preventing infections among pacemaker patients: The REINFORCE Brady real-world project.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Observational
- Antibacterial Envelope Prevents Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: The Largest Asia Real World Data.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Clinical profile and outcomes among patients with cardiac implantable electronic device presenting as isolated pocket infection, pocket-related infective endocarditis, or lead-related infective endocarditis.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Taurolidine-containing solution for reducing cardiac implantable electronic device infection-early report from the European TauroPace™ registry.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Chronic kidney disease and transvenous cardiac implantable electronic device infection-is there an impact on healthcare utilization, costs, disease progression, and mortality?Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
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12 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsInfections resulting from cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation are severely impacting on patients' and on health care systems. The use of TYRXTM absorbable antibiotic-eluting envelope has proven to decrease major CIED infections within 12 months of CIED surgery. The aim is to evaluate the impact of the envelope use on infection-related clinical events in a real-world contemporary patient population. METHODS AND
resultsData on patients undergoing CIED surgery were collected prospectively by participating centers of the One Hospital ClinicalService project. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether TYRXTM absorbable antibiotic-eluting envelope was used or not. Out of 1819 patients, 872 (47.9%) were implanted with an absorbable antibiotic-eluting envelope and included in the Envelope group and 947 (52.1%) patients who did not receive an envelope were included in the Control group. Compared to control, patients in the Envelope group had higher thrombo-embolic or hemorrhagic risk, higher BMI, lower LVEF and more comorbidities. During a mean follow-up of 1.4 years, the incidence of infection-related events was significantly higher in the control compared to the Envelope group (2.4% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.007). The five-year cumulative incidence of infection-related events was 8.1% in the control and 2.1% in the Envelope group (HR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.14-0.80, P = 0.010).
conclusionIn our analysis, the use of an absorbable antibiotic-eluting envelope in the general CIED population was associated with a lower risk of systemic and pocket infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.