Observational studyDiabetes care2023
Depressive Symptoms Longitudinally Mediate the Effect of Hyperglycemia on Memory Decline in Type 2 Diabetes.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- HbA1c and Cognitive Functioning Across Bipolar Disorder, Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder, and Schizophrenia: Findings from a Non-Diabetic Sample.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of glycaemic control on memory performance, hippocampal volumes and depressive symptomology.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe sought to examine the mediating role of changes in depressive symptoms in the association between chronic hyperglycemia and longitudinal cognition in a sample of older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal mediation analysis using structural equation modeling of observational data collected over 6 years from 2,155 participants with T2D (aged ≥51 years) in the U.S.-wide Health and Retirement Study. T2D was defined using self-reported diagnosis, and HbA1c was assessed at study baseline. Self-reported depressive symptoms were assessed at two time points 4 years apart. Episodic memory was measured using a list-learning test administered at three time points over 6 years. We adjusted for sociodemographics, chronic health comorbidities, medication adherence, study enrollment year, and prior years' depressive symptoms and memory scores.
resultsAt baseline, participants' mean age was 69.4 (SD = 9.1), mean HbA1c was 7.2% (SD = 1.4%), 55.0% were women, 19.3% were non-Latinx Black, and 14.0% were Latinx. Higher baseline levels of HbA1c were associated with increases in depressive symptoms over 4 years, which, in turn, were associated with poorer memory 2 years later. Depressive symptoms accounted for 19% of the longitudinal effect of HbA1c on memory over the 6-year period. Sensitivity analyses ruled out alternative directions of associations.
conclusionsIncident elevations in depressive symptoms mediated the longitudinal association between hyperglycemia and 6-year episodic memory scores. For older adults with T2D, interventions to prevent HbA1c-related incident depressive symptoms may be beneficial in reducing the neurotoxic effects of chronic hyperglycemia on cognition.
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