ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Does education moderate gender disparities in later-life memory function? A cross-national comparison of harmonized cognitive assessment protocols in the United States and India.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The measurement of cognition in large-scale cross-national surveys: lessons from the Health and Retirement Study International Network of Studies and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Causal Effects of Schooling on Memory at Older Ages in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Nonparametric Evidence With Harmonized Datasets.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Sex/gender differences in lifetime dementia risk among Asian American and White older adults.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
- Characterizing Multimorbidity Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Ethnically and Culturally Diverse Sub-Populations in India: Gaps, Opportunities, and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Does education moderate gender disparities in later-life memory function? A cross-national comparison of harmonized cognitive assessment protocols in the United States and India.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Harmonisation of later-life cognitive function across national contexts: results from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocols.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe compared gender disparities in later-life memory, overall and by education, in India and the United States (US).
methodsData (N = 7443) were from harmonized cognitive assessment protocols (HCAPs) in the Longitudinal Aging Study of India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD; N = 4096; 2017-19) and US Health and Retirement Study HCAP (HRS-HCAP; N = 3347; 2016-17). We derived harmonized memory factors from each study using confirmatory factor analysis. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to compare gender disparities in memory function between countries, overall and by education.
resultsIn the United States, older women had better memory than older men (0.28 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.35). In India, older women had worse memory than older men (-0.15 SD-unit difference; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.10), which attenuated with increasing education and literacy.
conclusionWe observed gender disparities in memory in India that were not present in the United States, and which dissipated with education and literacy.
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