ArticleCancer medicine2023
Individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on cancer in Korea.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of socioeconomic status on the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2023Pooled it
- The association of a combined healthy lifestyle with the risk of cancer among older adults: a prospective large population-based cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cancer incidence near nuclear facilities in Korea (2005-2022): implications of regional socioeconomic status and industrial context.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effect of morbidity on the association between lifestyle and mortality in the Health Examinee cohort.Epidemiology and health · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ovarian cancer and uterine cancer attributable to high BMI, 1990-2021: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer Risk in Female School Cooks: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in the Republic of Korea.Safety and health at work · 2025Article
- Individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on cancer in Korea.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is limited evidence on the individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy lifestyle on cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of these factors on cancer incidence and mortality.
methodsIn this population-based cohort study, income was used as the proxy of SES. A combined unhealthy lifestyle score was obtained using data on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsThe study included data on 8,353,169 participants (median follow-up period, 17 years). Although the association between low income and cancer incidence varied depending on cancer type, low income consistently increased the risk of cancer-related death with a social gradient. Unhealthy behaviors increased the risk of cancer incidence and mortality, except for thyroid and breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Compared with the wealthiest and healthiest individuals, the poorest and unhealthiest men and women showed 2.1-fold (2.05-2.14) and 1.36-fold (1.31-1.41) higher risk of cancer-related death, respectively. The joint effect was most robust for lung, liver, head, and neck cancers in men and liver and cervical cancers in women; further, the effect was stronger with cancer-specific mortality than with incidence.
conclusionIn conclusion, income and combined healthy lifestyle behaviors have individual and joint effects on cancer incidence and mortality. The effect varies by cancer type and sex.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.