ArticleYonsei medical journal2023
Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Gastrocnemius for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection: Application to Cosmetic Calf Shaping.
Article in Yonsei medical journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Anatomical consideration for botulinum toxin injection of the frontalis muscle based on analysis of intramuscular innervation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Stiff Knee Gait Runner's Dystonia and Musculoskeletal Knee Pathology: A Case Series.Toxins · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnatomical landmarks can provide vital information on the distribution of nerves in the gastrocnemius muscle. We aimed to provide an anatomical perspective on appropriate locations for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in the medial and lateral parts of the gastrocnemius for calf shaping. MATERIALS AND
methodsA modified Sihler's method was applied to both the medial and lateral parts of the gastrocnemius muscles (16 specimens). Intramuscular neural distributions were revealed by dissecting along a transverse line crossing the fibular head and superior margin of the calcaneal tuberosity.
resultsThe intramuscular neural distribution for the medial and lateral parts of the gastrocnemius had the greatest arborized patterns in the 7/10-8/10 section of the medial head and 7.5/10-8.5/10 section of the lateral part of the gastrocnemius.
conclusionWe propose that BoNT injections should be directed to the 7/10-8/10 section of the medial head and the 7.5/10-8.5/10 section of the lateral part of the gastrocnemius. Following our guidelines, clinicians can ensure satisfactory results with the use of minimal doses to limit adverse effects, such as gait disturbance, antibody production, and bruising, due to multiple injections. The results can also be altered and applied to electromyography.
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