ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
The association of vitamin D deficiency, age and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between domain-specific physical activity, sedentary behavior, and binge drinking among adults in the United States and China: evidence from a cross-sectional study, daily tracking, and randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- The Association Between Physical Activity and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study and Genetic Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Relationship between triglyceride glucose-waist circumference and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: The China health and retirement longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Effects of Age, Season, and Pregnancy History on Vitamin D Status in Women Seeking Preconception Care.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Associations between vitamin D insufficiency, health beliefs, and quality of life in metabolic syndrome: A northeastern Taiwanese community study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and the 8-year risk of incident depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Factors associated with the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between physical activity across diversed domains and sedentary behavior with sleep disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin D, B9, and B12 Deficiencies as Key Drivers of Clinical Severity and Metabolic Comorbidities in Major Psychiatric Disorders.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Sunshine Paradox: Unraveling Risk Factors for Low Vitamin D Status Among Non-Pregnant Women in Lebanon.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The association of different types of physical activity and diabetes co-morbid depression: A cross-sectional analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- The association of sun sensitivity, sun protective behaviors and depression in both genders: a study based on the U.S. population.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Relative fat mass is associated with vitamin D deficiency in individuals with diabetes: evidence from NHANES and a Chinese cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between long-term sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Preventive and therapeutic effect of vitamin D on depression-like behavior in a mouse adolescent depression model and its association with BDNF protein expression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of vitamin D deficiency: NHANES 2001-2018.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression is an important public health burden, its risk of occurrence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and may also increase with age, while serum vitamin D levels are closely related to age.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D and age are associated with depression after adjustment for each other. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe extracted data from NHANES 2013-2018, including demographic characteristics, depression level, vitamin D level, physical activity, and body measures. A total of 15,156 adults aged 20 years or older (mean age 49.81 ± 17.67 years, 7301 males and 7855 females) were included. Depression was screened by PHQ-9. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by a serum vitamin D level < 30nmol/L. We performed binary logistic regression models to analyze the association between vitamin D, age and depression, respectively.
resultsVitamin D levels were negatively associated with depression (P < 0.001). Vitamin D had a significant effect on depression (OR = 0.776, 95%CI: 0.682-0.884, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.663-0.874, P < 0.001). Age was positively associated with depression (P < 0.001) and had a significant effect on depression (OR = 1.079, 98%CI: 1.032-1.128, P = 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.092, 95%CI: 1.040-1.146, P < 0.001). Age and vitamin D levels were positively correlated (P < 0.001), and older age had a significant effect on vitamin D level (OR = 1.526, 95%CI: 1.416-1.645, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.263-1.487, P < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of depression was higher in females (2312/7855, 29.43%) than in males (1571/7301, 21.52%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency and older age are both associated with higher risk of depression, while older age is a protective factor for vitamin D deficiency.
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