ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2023
Repurposing thioridazine for inducing immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer via eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and secretory autophagy pathways.
Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic cell death in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding cancer with artificial intelligence: Transforming research, diagnosis, and therapy with future insights.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Autophagy Modulates Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- IL-24 amplifies baicalein-induced immunogenic cell death in ovarian cancer by boosting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation Reveal Fuzheng Yi'ai Formula Induces Immunogenic Cell Death Via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 Pathway for Prostate Cancer Treatment.Biological procedures online · 2026Article
- Targeting lung cancer: synergistic therapeutic strategy of cuproptosis and immunogenic cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Apoptosis Processes: A Review.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- Drug repurposing in oncology: a path beyond the bottleneck.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- The inducible role of autophagy in cell death: emerging evidence and future perspectives.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Integrated multi-omics and machine learning reveal an immunogenic cell death-related signature for prognostic stratification and therapeutic optimization in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer: antitumor efficacy of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.Toxicological research · 2024Review
- Therapeutic strategies of targeting non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in cancer.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Polydatin enhances oxaliplatin-induced cell death by activating NOX5-ROS-mediated DNA damage and ER stress in colon cancer cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Thioridazine reverses trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting S-phase kinase associated protein 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Mechanisms of Phenothiazine Drugs: A Mini-Review of Advances in Cancer Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent cancer type with limited targeted therapies available and 5-year survival rate, particularly for late-stage patients. There have been numerous attempts to repurpose drugs to tackle this problem. It has been reported that autophagy inducers could augment the effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents by enhancing immunogenic cell death (ICD).
methodsIn this study, we employed bioinformatics tools to identify thioridazine (THD), an antipsychotic drug, and found that it could induce autophagy and ICD in CRC. Then in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of THD in CRC.
resultsTHD was found to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CRC cells by activating the eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and facilitating the accumulation of secretory autophagosomes, leading to ICD. In addition, THD showed a remarkable ICD-activating effect when combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) to prevent tumor progression in the mouse model.
conclusionsTogether, our findings suggest that the repurposed function of THD in inhibiting CRC involves the upregulation of autophagosomes and ER stress signals, promoting the release of ICD markers, and providing a potential candidate to enhance the clinical outcome for CRC treatment. Video Abstract.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.