ReviewCognitive research: principles and implications2023
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: II. Acquiring, maintaining, and updating cognitive skills.
Review in Cognitive research: principles and implications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with PAs' choice of the traditional PANRE over the PANRE-LA.JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment as a driver for learning: insights from a nationwide survey of endocrinologists.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- AI-Simulated Patients for Training Shared Decision-Making: Feasibility Study in Medical Education.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Between the ambulance and academia: rethinking identity and competence in paramedics with reduced clinical exposure.British paramedic journal · 2026Article
- A multi-agent GraphRAG framework for pharmacotherapy safety verification in clinical decision support systems.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge Self-Assessment Engagement and Family Medicine Board Examination Outcomes.Family medicine · 2025Article
- Discrepancies Between Physician-Perceived and Calculated Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Prevention: Implications for LDL-C Target Achievement and Appropriate Lipid-Lowering Therapy.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Nurturing Untapped Integration Expertise of MS4 Assessment Writers.Medical science educator · 2024Article
- Application of online to offline teaching mode in the training of non-anesthesiology residents in the department of anesthesiology: a randomized, controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Review
- Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: IV. Best practices and open questions in using testing to enhance learning and retention.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Review
- Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: I. Reimagining Maintenance of Certification to promote lifelong learning.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the course of training, physicians develop significant knowledge and expertise. We review dual-process theory, the dominant theory in explaining medical decision making: physicians use both heuristics from accumulated experience (System 1) and logical deduction (System 2). We then discuss how the accumulation of System 1 clinical experience can have both positive effects (e.g., quick and accurate pattern recognition) and negative ones (e.g., gaps and biases in knowledge from physicians' idiosyncratic clinical experience). These idiosyncrasies, biases, and knowledge gaps indicate a need for individuals to engage in appropriate training and study to keep these cognitive skills current lest they decline over time. Indeed, we review converging evidence that physicians further out from training tend to perform worse on tests of medical knowledge and provide poorer patient care. This may reflect a variety of factors, such as specialization of a physician's practice, but is likely to stem at least in part from cognitive factors. Acquired knowledge or skills gained may not always be readily accessible to physicians for a number of reasons, including an absence of study, cognitive changes with age, and the presence of other similar knowledge or skills that compete in what is brought to mind. Lastly, we discuss the cognitive challenges of keeping up with standards of care that continuously evolve over time.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.