ArticleNature medicine2023
Pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation in two recently deceased human recipients.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined organ xenotransplantation: from graft function to cross-species homeostasis.Life medicine · 2026Article
- The making of cells and organs in xenogeneic animal bioreactor.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Longitudinal multiomics profiling of extracorporeal cross-circulation with pig liver xenografts in human decedents.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Graft-derived VWF drives platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during porcine liver xenotransplantation to brain-dead human recipients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Characteristics between porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- Comparative Mapping of Functional and Structural Homologies in the Pig and Human Brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Long non-coding RNAs as modulators of metabolic reprogramming for endogenous heart regeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Targeting Arterial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease Using Stem Cell-Based Therapies.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Extracorporeal liver cross-circulation using transgenic xenogeneic pig livers with brain-dead human decedents.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Avenues for optimization of cardiac therapeutics by minimally invasive delivery.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
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- Article
- Remodeling of three-dimensional genome architecture in cardiac development and aging.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- T cell-mediated immune responses in xenotransplantation: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of primate anti-pig xenoreactive immune responses using immortalized aortic endothelial cells from genetically modified pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Synthetic biology and genome engineering in support of human, agricultural, and environmental security.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Porcine xenotransplantation in the clinical era: converging advances and unresolved barriers on the path to clinical translation - a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Brain-dead humans as preclinical reference models for xenotransfusion: bridging nonhuman primates and clinical applications throughFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
43 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genetically modified xenografts are one of the most promising solutions to the discrepancy between the numbers of available human organs for transplantation and potential recipients. To date, a porcine heart has been implanted into only one human recipient. Here, using 10-gene-edited pigs, we transplanted porcine hearts into two brain-dead human recipients and monitored xenograft function, hemodynamics and systemic responses over the course of 66 hours. Although both xenografts demonstrated excellent cardiac function immediately after transplantation and continued to function for the duration of the study, cardiac function declined postoperatively in one case, attributed to a size mismatch between the donor pig and the recipient. For both hearts, we confirmed transgene expression and found no evidence of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection, as assessed using histology, flow cytometry and a cytotoxic crossmatch assay. Moreover, we found no evidence of zoonotic transmission from the donor pigs to the human recipients. While substantial additional work will be needed to advance this technology to human trials, these results indicate that pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation can be performed successfully without hyperacute rejection or zoonosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.