ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2023
Immune-checkpoint inhibition for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer - opportunities and challenges.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy versus placebo with or without chemotherapy in elderly people with localised non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Prediction of PD-L1 expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer using artificial intelligence models based on radiomics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- The composition alteration of gut microbiota in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Immunotherapy for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- The role of PD-L1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: Impact of clinicopathological factors and indirect comparison between treatment strategies.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2023Pooled it
- Consolidative nivolumab versus observation in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients following neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CA209-7AL): a randomized clinical trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Tumor-Regional Immune Microenvironment: A Critical Factor in the Design of Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combination Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Genomic instability, postoperative recurrence and therapeutic vulnerabilities in resectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- RAD001-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Synergizes With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1-Low Murine Lung Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- The Adjuvant-Phase Dilemma After Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Resectable NSCLC: Evidence and Response-Guided Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Resveratrol Modulates Lung Cancer-Associated Hub Genes Identified by Integrated Bioinformatics, Single-Cell Analysis, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Optimizing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy cycles based on radiologic response improves efficacy and survival in non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Metalloimmunological hydrogel-based cancer vaccine potentiates postoperative tumor immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effect of Interval Between Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy and Radical Resection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Health care use and costs associated with clinically impactful immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells have been successfully used for several cancer types, including in patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In these patients, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can provide durable responses and improve overall survival either as monotherapy, or combined with chemotherapy or other immunotherapeutic agents. However, the implementation of ICIs in early stage NSCLC has been hampered by the continuous struggle to develop robust end points to assess their efficacy in this setting, especially those enabling a fast and reproducible evaluation of the clinical activity of neoadjuvant strategies. Several trials are testing ICIs, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in early stage NSCLC as an adjuvant, neoadjuvant or perioperative approach. As a novelty, most trials in the neoadjuvant setting have adopted pathological response as a primary end point. ICIs have been approved for use in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings on the basis of event-free survival and disease-free survival benefit, respectively; however, the correlation of these end points with overall survival remains unclear in these settings. Unresolved challenges for the optimal use of ICIs with curative intent include concerns about their applicability in daily clinical practice and about improving patient selection based on predictive biomarkers or assessment of pathological response and minimal residual disease. In this Review, we discuss the rationale, available strategies and current trial landscape for the implementation of ICIs in patients with resectable NSCLC, and we further elaborate on future approaches to optimize their clinical benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.