ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2023
Spatial predictive risk mapping of lymphatic filariasis residual hotspots in American Samoa using demographic and environmental factors.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Current Gaps in Survey Design and Analysis for Molecular Xenomonitoring of Vector-Borne Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Pooled it
- Integrated Approaches to Surveillance of Lymphatic Filariasis and Other Infectious Diseases in the Pacific Islands.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Spatial Risk Factors of Vector-Borne Diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Bayesian hierarchical spatial ecological model assessing the nexus of vegetation index, insecticide-treated bed-nets and livestock cattle density on lymphatic filariasis transmission.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Detection of potential transmission foci of lymphatic filariasis using molecular xenomonitoring in Huahine, French Polynesia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Reactive case detection can improve the efficiency of lymphatic filariasis surveillance compared to random sampling, Samoa 2023.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Utility of Infectious Disease Prevalence Studies to Inform Public Health Decision-Making in the Samoan Islands: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- The effects of variable spatial aggregation on lymphatic filariasis transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Understanding the barriers and facilitators related to never treatment during mass drug administration among mobile and migrant populations in Mali: a qualitative exploratory study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Anti-filarial antibodies are sensitive indicators of lymphatic filariasis transmission and enable identification of high-risk populations and hotspots.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAmerican Samoa successfully completed seven rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) from 2000-2006. The territory passed the school-based transmission assessment surveys in 2011 and 2015 but failed in 2016. One of the key challenges after the implementation of MDA is the identification of any residual hotspots of transmission.
methodBased on data collected in a 2016 community survey in persons aged ≥8 years, Bayesian geostatistical models were developed for LF antigen (Ag), and Wb123, Bm14, Bm33 antibodies (Abs) to predict spatial variation in infection markers using demographic and environmental factors (including land cover, elevation, rainfall, distance to the coastline and distance to streams).
resultsIn the Ag model, females had a 26.8% (95% CrI: 11.0-39.8%) lower risk of being Ag-positive than males. There was a 2.4% (95% CrI: 1.8-3.0%) increase in the odds of Ag positivity for every year of age. Also, the odds of Ag-positivity increased by 0.4% (95% CrI: 0.1-0.7%) for each 1% increase in tree cover. The models for Wb123, Bm14 and Bm33 Abs showed similar significant associations as the Ag model for sex, age and tree coverage. After accounting for the effect of covariates, the radii of the clusters were larger for Bm14 and Bm33 Abs compared to Ag and Wb123 Ab. The predictive maps showed that Ab-positivity was more widespread across the territory, while Ag-positivity was more confined to villages in the north-west of the main island.
conclusionThe findings may facilitate more specific targeting of post-MDA surveillance activities by prioritising those areas at higher risk of ongoing transmission.
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