ReviewCureus2023
Old Drugs and New Challenges: A Narrative Review of Nitazenes.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reversal of Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression in Healthy Subjects by Intramuscular Nalmefene Administered by Auto-Injector Versus Intranasal Naloxone.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- A Quantitative Analysis of Street-Level Drugs Seized in New South Wales, Australia: Purity, Dose and Adulterants.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Temporal and geographical patterns of nitazene detections in drug samples and biospecimens in the United States, 2019-2024.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Landscaping the Nitazene Scaffold to Identify Novel Mu-Opioid Receptor Modulators: From Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis to Pharmacological Profiling.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Novel 2-Benzylbenzimidazole Opioids: Emerging Drugs of Abuse and Pharmacological Considerations with Nitazene Analogs.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Price of Nitazenes for Sale on Cryptomarkets and Surface Web Shops.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Genotoxic Potential of Metodesnitazene and Etodesnitazene: Insights with and Without S9 Metabolic Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crack/cocaine use to manage xylazine exposure in fentanyl in Connecticut: findings from a convergent mixed methods study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A case of fatal intoxication with the novel synthetic opioid N-pyrrolidino protonitazene.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Attitudes to Drug Policy in Australia, 2001-2022/23: What Does This Mean for Drug Policy Reform in Australia?Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Fatal intoxication involving amphetamine, clonazafone, a benzodiazepine prodrug, and fluoro-etonitazene, a new synthetic opioid.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Cychlorphine (Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Comprehensive method to detect nitazene analogues and xylazine in wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- The nitazene epidemic in Estonia: a first report.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Identification of the Novel Synthetic Opioid N-Pyrrolidino Isotonitazene at an Australian Drug Checking Service.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Article
- Nonpharmacological and pharmacological influences on opioid effects: A review of clinical research findings.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Motivational interviewing to increase drug checking and reduce overdose rates among people who use drugs: protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial of an adjunctive intervention.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Nitazenes: The Emergence of a Potent Synthetic Opioid Threat.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical Management of Synthetic-Cannabinoid-Induced Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Treatment Strategies and Outcomes.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of nitazene immunoassay test strips for rapid in-situ detection of nitazene and nitazene analogs in illicit drug samples.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nitazenes are a group of compounds developed in the 1950s as opioid analgesics, but they were never approved to market. As such, they are not well known outside of academic research laboratories. A characteristic of nitazenes is their high potency (e.g., hundreds to thousands fold more potent than morphine and other opioids and tenfold more potent than fentanyl). In the past few years, several nitazenes, including "designer analogs," have been detected in the illicit drug supply and have been implicated in overdose mortality, primarily due to their exceptionally high potency. In the street drug supply, nitazenes are often found mixed with fentanyl or other agents but their presence is not always disclosed to drug buyers, who may not even be familiar with nitazenes. These drugs pose a particular challenge since there is little experience in how to reverse a nitazene overdose or potential drug-drug or drug-alcohol interactions. Public health efforts are needed to better inform street drug consumers, first responders, healthcare professionals, and the general public about these "new old drugs" that are infiltrating the recreational drug supply.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.