ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Sex differences in the non-linear association between BMI and LDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hemoglobin glycation index correlates with the prognoses of critically ill patients with hyperlipidemia: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Dose-response relationships of normal blood lipid levels in metabolic and endocrine diseases: mechanistic similarities, differences, and functional insights.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- TEMR: Trans-ethnic mendelian randomization method using large-scale GWAS summary datasets.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- A predictive model to assess the risk of developing hyperlipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from NHANES.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A data-based study reported the linear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in a normal population. However, there were no studies giving the suggestion for diabetes patients limited by sample size. This study aimed to investigate the non-linear dose-response relationship between BMI and LDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: The study participants registered at the National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) of Beijing Luhe hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. T2DM was diagnosed according to the 1999 World Organization criteria. The generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to investigate the non-linear association between BMI and LDL-C. The relationship between BMI and LDL-C was visualized via the smooth splines function plot by sex. Segmented regressions were fitted to calculate the slopes with different estimated breakpoints. Results: After data cleaning, a total of 2500 participants with T2DM aged 30 to 70 years were included in this study. Compared with females, the spline between BMI and LDL-C showed an Inverted U shape in males. In males, the slopes below and above the breakpoint (26.08. 95% CI: 24.13 to 28.03) were 2.38 (95%CI: 1.06, 3.70) and -0.36 (95%CI: -1.20, 0.48), respectively. Conclusion: There was an Inverted U shape association between BMI and LDL-C in male participants with T2DM, for which the LDL-C was increased with BMI in the lean population, while LDL-C gradually tended to be flat or even decreased in the obese population. However, the Inverted U-shape between BMI and LDL-C was not found in female patients with T2DM.
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