ArticleVaccine: X2023
Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations: Twin and sibling case series.
Article in Vaccine: X, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Risk of Myocarditis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports from 2023 to 2025.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcome of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Temporally Associated With BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents: Korean National Surveillance.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ImportanceMyocarditis and myopericarditis are well described adverse events of special interest (AESI) following COVID-19 vaccinations. Whilst the aetiology is still being investigated; there is evidence that genetic predisposition may be a risk factor for the development of myocarditis. Furthermore, hormones are thought to contribute to sex-specific differences in myocarditis, skewed toward a larger risk in adolescent males. Objective: This unique sibling case series may help highlight potential mechanisms and prognostic factors in the development of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescent males. In this context, twin and familial studies provide a unique epidemiological perspective to investigate the interplay between genetic predisposition and other factors. Participants: Observational case series of all siblings reported to SAEFVIC with chest pain following COVID-19 vaccinations in Victoria, Australia. Exposure: mRNA vaccination (Comirnaty BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and Spikevax mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Findings: Our case series comprises 6 young males; two sets of monozygotic twins and one set of fraternal brothers following reports of chest pain associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Five patients were diagnosed with myocarditis as per Brighton Collaboration Criteria (Level 2). The remaining sibling, who did not have myocarditis, was subsequently diagnosed with pubertal delay. Conclusions: Understanding the genetic and hormonal risk factors and aetiology for myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccines is paramount. Further evaluation of specific genetic targets or biomarkers is required to understand the implications of population vaccine policy, particularly for adolescent and young adult males at highest risk for this AESI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.