ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2023
Neuroimmunomodulation of vagus nerve stimulation and the therapeutic implications.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the therapeutic potential of vagus nerve stimulation in autoimmune diseases: A systematic review.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting the brain-gut-prostate axis in chronic prostatitis: mechanisms and therapeutics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Vagus nerve stimulation as a potential treatment for acute asthmatic bronchoconstriction: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Research hotspots and trends of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognitive Function Under Simulated High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxia.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation Modulates Pain Perception in Survivors of Stroke With Chronic Upper-Extremity Pain: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2026Trial
- Acupuncture for Poststroke Dysphagia: An NTS-Centered Hypothesis-Generating Framework Linking the Brainstem Swallowing Network, Neuroimmune Regulation, and Vagal Anti-Inflammatory Signaling.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- A guide to neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation to Promote Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review of Current Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Approaches.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- EEG Functional Connectivity Associated With Antidepressant Response to Transcutaneous Electrical Cranial-Auricular Acupoint Stimulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in pulmonary fibrosis: from brain network alterations to inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Article
- tVNS Mitigates Neuroinflammation and Nociception in a Rodent LPS Endotoxemia Model.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Ocular Glymphatic System: Its Modulation and Role in Intraocular Tumors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Review
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for postoperative pain: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The mechanism and clinical research of vagus nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.iScience · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a technology that provides electrical stimulation to the cervical vagus nerve and can be applied in the treatment of a wide variety of neuropsychiatric and systemic diseases. VNS exerts its effect by stimulating vagal afferent and efferent fibers, which project upward to the brainstem nuclei and the relayed circuits and downward to the internal organs to influence the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmunology systems. The neuroimmunomodulation effect of VNS is mediated through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that regulates immune cells and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Traditional and non-invasive VNS have Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, treatment-refractory major depressive disorders, and headaches. The number of clinical trials and translational studies that explore the therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of VNS is increasing. In this review, we first introduced the anatomical and physiological bases of the vagus nerve and the immunomodulating functions of VNS. We covered studies that investigated the mechanisms of VNS and its therapeutic implications for a spectrum of brain disorders and systemic diseases in the context of neuroimmunomodulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.