ArticleHeliyon2023
Functional enhancement of exosomes derived from NK cells by IL-15 and IL-21 synergy against hepatocellular carcinoma cells: The cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro study.
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The electrical and chemical hypoxia-optimized (ECHO) bioreactor system enables scalable production of functionally preserved NK-exosomes validated in a syngeneic lung cancer model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Developing blood extracellular vesicle protein biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, methods, and translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- NK-cell-derived exosomes exert antitumor potency via miR-140/XYLT1/HSPG2 axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Immune cell-derived exosomes in cancer: double-edged mechanisms of antitumor immunity and tumor progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- KRAS Withdrawal in Cholangiocarcinoma Leads to Immune Infiltration and Tumor Regression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- NK-derived exosomes in anti-tumor strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Surface-Engineered Natural Killer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Induce Potent Anti-Tumour Effects in Lung Cancer Cells.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- IPSC‑derived NK cells for immunotherapy and therapeutic perspective (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Targeting EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer: Role of miR-5193/miR-149-5p loaded NK-EVs and Carboplatin combination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Effects of Released Exosomes from NK-92 Cells with IL15 on the Apoptosis of HL-60 Cell Line.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2025Article
- Exosomes derived from natural killer cells: transforming immunotherapy for aggressive breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects of Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes Through Doxorubicin Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exo-nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy: reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advances in the mechanism of small extracellular vesicles promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through multi-network fusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Role of extracellular vesicle-associated proteins in the progression, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Combined Role of Interleukin-15 Stimulated Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Carboplatin in Osimertinib-Resistant H1975 Lung Cancer Cells with EGFR Mutations.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are released by various cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and transport signaling molecules for the intercellular communication. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as primary liver cancer, is often inoperable and difficult to accurate diagnosis. Notably, the prognosis and underlying mechanisms of HCC are not fully understood. Exosomes-derived NK cells (NK-exos) express unique cytotoxic proteins with a killing ability in tumors and can easily penetrate tumor tissues to improve their targeting ability. NK cell functions, inducing cellular cytotoxicity are modulated by cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21. However, the mechanisms and effects of cytokines-stimulated NK-exos for the treatment of liver cancer, including HCC, are not well known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic anti-tumor effects of NK-exos stimulated with IL-15 and IL-21 (NK-exos
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.