ReviewFrontiers in neurology2023
Arc protein, a remnant of ancient retrovirus, forms virus-like particles, which are abundantly generated by neurons during epileptic seizures, and affects epileptic susceptibility in rodent models.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- A Brain Connectivity Approach to Detect Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Changes in Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structural flexibility of the human vault particle revealed by high-resolution cryo-EM and molecular dynamics simulations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hypoglossal Nerve Transection Induces Anxiety- and Depression-like Behaviors with HPA Axis Dysregulation in Rats.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epilepsy in Patients with Cerebral Radiation Necrosis: A Scoping Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effects of Levetiracetam on Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cognitive outcomes of deep brain stimulation depend on age and hippocampal connectivity in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Activation of human endogenous retroviruses by Sox proteins induces cell apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Endogenous capsid-forming protein ARC for self-assembling nanoparticle vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Current View on PPAR-α and Its Relation to Neurosteroids in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Promising Targets in a Therapeutic Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- NOTCH1-Related Leukoencephalopathy: A Novel Variant and Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Functional Characteristics of the Nav1.1 p.Arg1596Cys Mutation Associated with Varying Severity of Epilepsy Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology to Risk Factor and Therapeutics to Treatment Strategies on Epilepsy.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A product of the immediate early gene Arc (Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein or Arc protein) of retroviral ancestry resides in the genome of all tetrapods for millions of years and is expressed endogenously in neurons. It is a well-known protein, very important for synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Activity-dependent Arc expression concentrated in glutamatergic synapses affects the long-time synaptic strength of those excitatory synapses. Because it modulates excitatory-inhibitory balance in a neuronal network, the Arc gene itself was found to be related to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. General Arc knockout rodent models develop a susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Because of activity dependence, synaptic Arc protein synthesis also is affected by seizures. Interestingly, it was found that Arc protein in synapses of active neurons self-assemble in capsids of retrovirus-like particles, which can transfer genetic information between neurons, at least across neuronal synaptic boutons. Released Arc particles can be accumulated in astrocytes after seizures. It is still not known how capsid assembling and transmission timescale is affected by seizures. This scientific field is relatively novel and is experiencing swift transformation as it grapples with difficult concepts in light of evolving experimental findings. We summarize the emergent literature on the subject and also discuss the specific rodent models for studying Arc effects in epilepsy. We summarized both to clarify the possible role of Arc-related pseudo-viral particles in epileptic disorders, which may be helpful to researchers interested in this growing area of investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.