ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Immunoinformatic prediction of the pathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes: implications for viral virulence determinants, designing novel diagnostic assays and vaccines development.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiological surveillance of the feline coronavirus reveals novel recombinant FCoV strains with evidence of ongoing viral evolution.Virus research · 2026Article
- Multi-Epitope DNA-Based Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Construct Designed by Immunoinformatic and Machine Learning Tools as a Surrogate Model for HIV Vaccine Development.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Vaccine Protection Strategies.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Driven Framework for the Design and Development of Next-Generation Avian Viral Vaccines.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Veterinary systems biology for bridging the phenotype-genotype gap via computational modeling for disease epidemiology and animal welfare.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Review
- A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020-2022.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) significantly impacts the bovine industries, both dairy and beef sectors. BVDV can infect various domestic and wild animals, most notably cattle. The dynamic variations among BVDV serotypes due to the continuous genetic diversity, especially in BVDV1 (BVDV1), reduce the effectiveness of the currently available vaccines and reduce the specificity/sensitivity of the diagnostic assays. The development of novel, safe, and effective vaccines against BVDV requires deep knowledge of the antigenicity and virulence of the virus. Previous studies on the antigenicity and the virulence of BVDV serotypes have been mainly focused on one or a few BVDV proteins. While however, little is known about the orchestration of all BVDV in the context of viral virulence and immunogenicity. The main aim of the current study was to do a comparative computational evaluation of the immunogenicity, and virulence for all the encoded proteins of both BVDV1 and BVDV2 and their sub-genotypes. Methods: To achieve this goal, 11,737 protein sequences were retrieved from Virus Pathogen Resource. The analysis involved a total of 4,583 sequences after the removal of short sequences and those with unknown collection time. We used the MP3 tool to map the pathogenic proteins across different BVDV strains. The potential protective and the epitope motifs were predicted using the VaxiJen and EMBOSS antigen tools, respectively. Results and discussion: The virulence prediction revealed that the NS4B proteins of both BVDV1 and BVDV2 likely have essential roles in BVDV virulence. Similarly, both the capsid (C) and the NS4-A proteins of BVDV1 and the N
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