ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
Timing of Alzheimer's Disease by Intellectual Disability Level in Down Syndrome.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptoms and age of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Alterations of gut microbiota in Down syndrome and their association with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Promoting Research Excellence in Down Syndrome: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Article
- Intraindividual cognitive variability predicts amyloid beta, tau PET, and dementia conversion in Down syndrome: a potential marker of cognitive resilience.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Frequency of mixed neuropathologies in individuals with down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's dementia.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Adaptive and Maladaptive Behaviours and Their Cognitive Correlates in Aging Adults With Down Syndrome.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026Article
- Lifestyle intervention and cognitive outcomes in Down syndrome: a horizon 21 European Down syndrome consortium scoping review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Generational effects in Down syndrome: Enriched environment enhances functionality without reducing Alzheimer's disease risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Modified Cued Recall Test: Longitudinal Analysis of Test Versions and Item Recall in Adults With Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Article
- Prediction of amyloid and tau brain deposition and cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome using plasma biomarkers: a longitudinal cohort study.The Lancet. Neurology · 2025Article
- Joint spatial associations of amyloid beta and tau pathology in Down syndrome and preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Cross-sectional associations with early cognitive impairments.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Resistance and resilience to Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Assessment of cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome and dementia: a systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Review
- Characterization of white matter hyperintensities in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Systematic review and evidence gap mapping of Alzheimer's disease biomarker studies in those with intellectual and developmental disability.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrisomy 21 causes Down syndrome (DS) and is a recognized cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
objectiveThe current study sought to determine if premorbid intellectual disability level (ID) was associated with variability in age-trajectories of AD biomarkers and cognitive impairments. General linear mixed models compared the age-trajectory of the AD biomarkers PET Aβ and tau and cognitive decline across premorbid ID levels (mild, moderate, and severe/profound), in models controlling trisomy type, APOE status, biological sex, and site.
methodsAnalyses involved adults with DS from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome. Participants completed measures of memory, mental status, and visuospatial ability. Premorbid ID level was based on IQ or mental age scores prior to dementia concerns. PET was acquired using [11C] PiB for Aβ, and [18F] AV-1451 for tau.
resultsCognitive data was available for 361 participants with a mean age of 45.22 (SD = 9.92) and PET biomarker data was available for 154 participants. There was not a significant effect of premorbid ID level by age on cognitive outcomes. There was not a significant effect of premorbid ID by age on PET Aβ or on tau PET. There was not a significant difference in age at time of study visit of those with mild cognitive impairment-DS or dementia by premorbid ID level.
conclusionFindings provide robust evidence of a similar time course in AD trajectory across premorbid ID levels, laying the groundwork for the inclusion of individuals with DS with a variety of IQ levels in clinical AD trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.