ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2023
Fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate are determinants of energy intake: implications for a theory of appetite control.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of body composition and resting metabolic rate with homeostatic and hedonic components of appetite.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Basal metabolic rate as a protective factor against osteoporosis: a multi-cohort longitudinal study from three international aging databases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Comparing Heart Rate and Heart Rate Reserve for Accurate Energy Expenditure Prediction Against Direct Measurement.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Body Temperature, Metabolic, and Circulatory Changes After 8 Days of Water-Only Fasting in Healthy Middle-Aged Men.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Preoperative Tyrosine Levels as Predictive Biomarkers for Excessive Fat-Free Mass Loss Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Morbid Obesity.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Examining the roles of body composition, energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in the control of daily energy intake in adolescents with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Using Metabolic Testing to Personalize Behavioral Obesity Treatment.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Gradual increase in energy intake over 8 weeks with voluntary wheel running limits body weight change in male rats.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of Appetite: A Comprehensive Review of Hunger, Appetite, Satiation, and Satiety.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Comparing Appetite and Dietary Intake Responses to Resistance Exercise in Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Versus Individuals Without Cancer: A Secondary Analysis.Nutrition and cancer · 2025Article
- A high sucrose detection threshold is associated with increased energy intake and improved post-prandial glucose response independent of the sweetness intensity of isocaloric sucrose solutions.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Article
- Protein appetite as an integrator in the obesity system: the protein leverage hypothesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Any explanation of appetite control should contain a description of physiological processes that could contribute a drive to eat alongside those that inhibit eating. However, such an undertaking was largely neglected until 15 years ago when a series of independent research programmes investigated the physiological roles of body composition and appetite. These outcomes demonstrated that fat-free mass (FFM), but not fat mass, was positively associated with objectively measured meal size and energy intake (EI). These findings have been accompanied by demonstrations that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is also positively associated with EI, with the influence of FFM largely mediated by RMR. These findings re-introduce the role of drive into models of appetite control and indicate how this can be integrated with processes of inhibition. The determinants of EI fit into an evolutionary perspective in which the energy demands of high metabolic rate organs and skeletal tissue constitute a need state underlying a tonic drive to eat. This approach should lead to the development of integrated models of appetite that include components of body composition (FFM) and energy expenditure (RMR) as tonic biological signals of appetite alongside other traditional tonic (adipose tissue derived) and episodic signals (gastrointestinal tract derived). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.