ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2023
Timing of Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage III Melanoma, Does it Matter?
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Feasibility and Outcomes Following Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Resectable Stage III and IV Melanoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of adjuvant systemic therapies in trial non-eligible resected stages III and IV melanoma patients.Melanoma management · 2025Article
- The Landmark Series: Melanoma and Adjuvant Therapy.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Methodological Concerns Regarding: "Timing of Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage III Melanoma, Does it Matter?"Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Reply to: "Methodological Concerns Regarding: "Timing of Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage III Melanoma, Does it Matter?"" by Ahlström.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Robot-Assisted Pelvic Dissection for Enlarged Lymph Nodes in Melanoma Improves Recovery with Equivalent Oncological Outcomes to Open Pelvic Dissection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Observational
- ASO Author Reflections: It's About Time?Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Early Initiation of Adjuvant Nivolumab After Esophagectomy Is Associated With Immune-related Liver Injury.Cancer diagnosis & prognosisArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe optimal time to initiate adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) following resection remains undefined. Herein, we investigated the impact of time to adjuvant ICI on survival in patients with stage III melanoma.
methodsPatients with resected stage III melanoma receiving adjuvant immune therapy were identified within a multi-institutional retrospective cohort. Patients were stratified by time to adjuvant ICI: within 6 weeks, 6-12 weeks, and greater than 12 weeks from surgery. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared among time strata with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods in the multi-institutional cohort.
resultsAltogether, 626 patients were identified within the multi-institutional cohort: 39% of patients initiated adjuvant ICI within 6 weeks, 42.2% within 6-12 weeks, and 18.8% greater than 12 weeks from surgery. In a multivariate Cox model, adjusting for histology, nodal tumor burden, and pathologic stage, we found that increased time to adjuvant ICI was associated with improved RFS. Patients who initiated adjuvant ICI within 6 weeks of surgery had worse RFS. These findings were preserved in a conditional landmark analysis and separate subgroups of patients with (1) new melanoma diagnoses, (2) occult stage III disease, and (3) those receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
conclusionsOutcomes for patients with stage III melanoma are not compromised when adjuvant ICI is initiated beyond 6 weeks from resection. Additional work is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of timing of adjuvant ICI on long-term outcomes.
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