ArticleBMC oral health2023
A scoping review on hyposalivation associated with systemic conditions: the role of physical stimulation in the treatment approaches.
Article in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photobiomodulation for restoring salivary flow after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Low-level laser and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on salivary glands impact type 2 diabetes mellitus oral microbiome: an interim analysis of a randomized trial.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- Levilactobacillus brevis CD2 as a multifaceted probiotic to preserve oral health: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of artificial saliva in preventing oral changes in patients admitted to the ICU: a controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Diode-laser-assisted biopsy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of Sjögren's disease: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Xerostomia as an oral-systemic indicator: Etiology, diagnostic strategies and multimodal management approaches.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Salivary Flow Rate in Patients with Kidney Failure on Hemodialysis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Photobiomodulation therapy for salivary gland hypofunction: a preliminary human study.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Low level laser therapy and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Oral Mycobiome Alterations in Postmenopausal Women: Links to Inflammation, Xerostomia, and Systemic Health.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Transdermal pilocarpine on the skin over salivary glands to increase salivation: an in vivo study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral systemic conditions can result in distinct degrees of salivary gland damage and consequent hypofunction. The development of successful management schemes is highly challenging due to the complexity of saliva. This study aimed to systematically map the literature on the physical stimulation of salivary glands for hyposalivation management and the response of individuals according to different systemic conditions causing salivary impairment.
methodsA systematic search in the literature was performed. Two reviewers independently selected clinical trials, randomized or not, that used physical stimulation to treat hyposalivation caused by systemic conditions. Studies evaluating healthy subjects without hyposalivation were included as controls. Single-arm clinical studies or case series were also included for protocol mapping (PRISMA extension for scoping reviews).
resultsOut of 24 included studies, 10 evaluated healthy subjects, from which 9 tested transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and 1 tested acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Fourteen studies evaluated individuals with hyposalivation: 6 applied TENS, 6 applied low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and 2 applied acupuncture, carried out in post-chemotherapy, medication use, postmenopausal women, hemodialysis patients, smokers, diabetics, Sjögren's syndrome (SS). All showed increased salivation after treatment, except for two LLLT studies in individuals with SS.
conclusionsAmong the different patient groups, individuals with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) exhibited the poorest responses, while those with medication-induced hyposalivation demonstrated the most favorable treatment outcomes, independently of the management strategy for saliva stimulation. It means that physical stimulation of salivary glands holds promise as an alternative for managing hyposalivation in cases of reversible gland damage. However, to make informed decisions in current practice, it is necessary to conduct new well-designed randomized clinical trials with appropriate methodologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.