ArticleBMC health services research2023
Catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for dental treatment: regional evidence from Spain.
Article in BMC health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Public Dental Workforce Capacity and Inequality in Spain.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Oral health payment systems around the world: structures, challenges, and trends, a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Oral Health Trends and Challenges in North and West Africa: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sex-specific differences in healthcare utilization and preventive service uptake between immigrant and native-born populations in Spain: a matched analysis of the 2023 national health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in unmet dental care needs in Spain.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Trends and inequalities in age-standardized prevalence rate of edentulism among members of European Union between 1990 and 2021.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo estimate the incidence and concentration of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for healthcare and dental treatment, by region in Spain (calculated as the proportion of households needing to exceed a given threshold of their income to make these payments) in 2008, 2011 and 2015.
methodsThe data analysed were obtained from the Spanish Family Budget Survey reports for the years in question. The study method was that proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (2003), contrasting payments for dental treatment versus household income and considering thresholds of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, thus obtaining incidence rates. In addition, relevant sociodemographic variables were obtained for each household included in the study.
resultsWith some regional heterogeneity, on average 4.75% of Spanish households spend more than 10% of their income on dental treatment, and 1.23% spend more than 40%. Thus, 38.67% of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for dental services in Spain corresponds to payments at the 10% threshold. This value rises to 55.98% for a threshold of 40%.
conclusionsAn important proportion of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for health care in Spain corresponds to dental treatment, a service that has very limited availability under the Spanish NHS. This finding highlights the need to formulate policies aimed at enhancing dental cover, in order to reduce inequalities in health care and, consequently, enhance the population's quality of life and health status.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.