ArticleBMJ global health2023
War-related sexual and gender-based violence in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a community-based study.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-based violence and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Gender-based violence and its determinants among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of war-associated factors on spread of sexually transmitted infections: a systemic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Sexual Violence During Armed Conflict Among Women and Girls in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CarePooled it
- Quantifying HIV transmission in the context of armed conflict in the Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: a dynamic risk equation model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Postnatal care in crisis: utilization and determinants during the Tigray conflict (2023).Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Stakeholder Consensus on Strategies for Collaboration Between Traditional and Biomedical Mental Health Services in Post-Conflict Tigray, Ethiopia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Anxiety among secondary school students in the war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024: A call for action.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Preconception health risk profiles among women planning pregnancy in northern Ethiopia: a latent class analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Health impacts of armed conflict in Ethiopia: a scoping review of evidence from 2018 to 2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Direct and opportunity costs of comprehensive abortion care for women living in humanitarian settings in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Understanding nature, barriers, and facilitators in addressing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in conflict zones of Africa: A scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Reproductive health risks of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in humanitarian settings of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Conflict and health · 2025Review
- Exploring physical, sexual and mental health consequences of gender-based violence among women and girls during conflict in Tigray, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The wartime prevalence of HIV, HBV, and reported STI-related syndromes among tested individuals in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characterising the effects of displacement on gender-based violence among women living with HIV in Ukraine: a cross-sectional study.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Civilian death and injury from airstrikes: evidence from the war in Tigray, Ethiopia.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Partner conflict during their index pregnancy and its correlates among a cohort of six weeks postpartum women in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
introductionSexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) during armed conflicts has serious ramifications with women and girls disproportionally affected. The impact of the conflict that erupted in November 2020 in Tigray on SGBV is not well documented. This study is aimed at assessing war-related SGBV in war-affected Tigray, Ethiopia.
methodsA community-based survey was conducted in 52 (out of 84) districts of Tigray, excluding its western zone and some districts bordering Eritrea due to security reasons. Using a two-stage multistage cluster sampling technique, a total of 5171 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were randomly selected and included in the study. Analysis used weighted descriptive statistics, regression modelling and tests of associations.
resultsOverall, 43.3% (2241/5171) of women experienced at least one type of gender-based violence. The incidents of sexual, physical and psychological violence, and rape among women of reproductive age were found to be 9.7% (500/5171), 28.6% (1480/5171), 40.4% (2090/5171) and 7.9% (411/5171), respectively. Of the sexual violence survivors, rape accounted for 82.2% (411/500) cases, of which 68.4% (247) reported being gang raped. Young women (aged 15-24 years) were the most affected by sexual violence, 29.2% (146/500). Commonly reported SGBV-related issues were physical trauma, 23.8% (533/2241), sexually transmitted infections, 16.5% (68/411), HIV infection, 2.7% (11/411), unwanted pregnancy, 9.5% (39/411) and depression 19.2% (431/2241). Most survivors (89.7%) did not receive any postviolence medical or psychological support.
conclusionsSystemic war-related SGBV was prevalent in Tigray, with gang-rape as the most common form of sexual violence. Immediate medical and psychological care, and long-term rehabilitation and community support for survivors are urgently needed and recommended.
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