ArticleImmunity2023
Influenza vaccine format mediates distinct cellular and antibody responses in human immune organoids.
Article in Immunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Organoid application in virology research: Recent progress and emerging directions.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Review
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- From animal models to NAMs: a paradigm shift in developmental immunotoxicity testing.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from genome-edited B cells in non-human primates and derived lymphoid organoids.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- A tonsil organoid model reveals Epstein-Barr virus-infected germinal center B cell states during primary infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Malaria serology for surveillance, insights into immunity, and vaccine development.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Human vaccine responses regulated by parallel cytokine pathways.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The Influenza-Specific Immunoglobulin Repertoire - Nimble Yet Steeped in Tradition.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Next-generation models for lymphoid malignancies: the rise of 3D culture systems in translational hematology.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Lymphoid-Tissue-on-Chip Recapitulates Human Antibody Responses In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Human Organoids as a Novel Tool for Vaccine Study.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Enhanced Human Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses Using In Vitro 3D Tonsil Cultures Containing Stromal Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Allergic Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in the Upper Respiratory Tract-the B Cell Side.Allergy · 2026Review
- Engineering B cells to express fully customizable antibodies with enhanced Fc functions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence.Viruses · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids as a functional platform for predicting immunotherapeutic responses and guiding precision treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- How new approach methods are reshaping virology research.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A Human Lymph node-on-a-Chip for Personalized Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity.Research square · 2026Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Highly effective vaccines elicit specific, robust, and durable adaptive immune responses. To advance informed vaccine design, it is critical that we understand the cellular dynamics underlying responses to different antigen formats. Here, we sought to understand how antigen-specific B and T cells were activated and participated in adaptive immune responses within the mucosal site. Using a human tonsil organoid model, we tracked the differentiation and kinetics of the adaptive immune response to influenza vaccine and virus modalities. Each antigen format elicited distinct B and T cell responses, including differences in their magnitude, diversity, phenotype, function, and breadth. These differences culminated in substantial changes in the corresponding antibody response. A major source of antigen format-related variability was the ability to recruit naive vs. memory B and T cells to the response. These findings have important implications for vaccine design and the generation of protective immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.