Observational studyBrain and behavior2023
Suicide-specific mortality among patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, major depressive disorder with prior suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, or major depressive disorder alone.
Observational study in Brain and behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy with esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: long-term extension study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Esketamine Use and Attempted Suicide or Intentional Self-Harm Among Individuals with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Structural imaging predictors of ketamine response in treatment-resistant depression: a machine learning approach.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Challenges with clinical trial participants in studies with classical psychedelics: A position statement from the National Network of Depression Centers' task group on psychedelics and related compounds.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Esketamine Nasal Spray: Mechanism of Action, Clinical, and Translational Science.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Association between Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and suicidal ideation: a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Difficulties in Accepting the Past as a Mediator between Perfectionism and Symptoms of Depression among University Students in Yazd.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Literature Review.Genes · 2025Review
- Deep Brain Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Directions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Stress-Associated Changes in MiR-20b-3p as a Potential Predictor of Underlying Psychopathology in the Depressed Brain: Mechanistic Insights from a Rat Model of Chronic Restraint Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression in the US: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Real-World Study on the Use, Effectiveness, and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: INTEGRATE Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Case Report: Pharmacogenomics in clinical practice - a young male with medication-resistant depression and genetic variations in drug-metabolising enzymes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Anti-Amyloid Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease: Considering the Role of Depression.Neuro-degenerative diseases · 2025Article
- Risk factors for suicidal attempts in a sample of outpatients with treatment-resistant depression: an observational study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Suicide-specific mortality among patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, major depressive disorder with prior suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, or major depressive disorder alone.Brain and behavior · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or prior suicidal ideation/suicide attempt (SI/SA) on mortality by suicide among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is not well known. This retrospective, observational, descriptive cohort study characterized real-world rates of suicide-specific mortality among patients with MDD with or without TRD or SI/SA.
methodsAdult patients with MDD among commercially insured and Medicare enrollees in Optum Research Database were included and assigned to three cohorts: those with treatment-resistant MDD (TRD), those with MDD and SI/SA (MDD+SI/SA), and those with MDD without TRD or SI/SA (MDD alone). Suicide-specific mortality was obtained from the National Death Index. The effects of demographic characteristics and SI/SA in the year prior to the end of observation on suicide-specific mortality were assessed.
resultsFor the 139,753 TRD, 85,602 MDD+SI/SA, and 572,098 MDD alone cohort patients, mean age ranged from 55 to 59 years and the majority were female. At baseline, anxiety disorders were present in 53.92%, 44.11%, and 21.72% of patients with TRD, MDD+SI/SA, and MDD alone, respectively. Suicide-mortality rates in the three cohorts were 0.14/100 person-years for TRD, 0.27/100 person-years for MDD+SI/SA, and 0.04/100 person-years for MDD alone. SI/SA during the year prior to the end of observation, younger age, and male sex were associated with increased suicide risk.
conclusionsPatients with TRD and MDD+SI/SA have a heightened risk of mortality by suicide compared with patients with MDD alone. Suicide rates were higher in patients with recent history versus older or no history of SI/SA, men versus women, and those of young age versus older age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.