Observational studyThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2023
Mpox vaccine and infection-driven human immune signatures: an immunological analysis of an observational study.
Observational study in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-organ clinical manifestations of Mpox: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus disease.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Toward Precision Vaccinology for Mpox: Rational Antigen Design, Next-Generation Platforms, and Immune Correlates of Protection.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Alternative approaches to phase III clinical trials for vaccine efficacy and licensure: the role of real-world evidence - a meeting report.Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization · 2026Article
- Distinct Inflammatory Immune Signature in Acute Mpox Associated With Proctitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The challenge and promise of studying human antigen-specific T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- MPXV H3L elicits broadly directed CD4 T cell responses in mpox patients and MVA vaccinees.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Durability of the Humoral Response to MPXV Infection.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- In Silico Design and Computational Characterization of Novel Chimeric Multiepitope Antigens for Mpox Serosurveillance: An Immunoinformatics Approach.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- An improved and high-throughput mpox virus microneutralization assay.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- DNA origami vaccine nanoparticles improve humoral and cellular immune responses to infectious diseases.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Mpox comprehensive assessment for responsive immunisation in emergency outbreaks (MpoxCARE): study protocol.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Differentiating mpox infection and vaccination using a validated multiplex orthopoxvirus IgG serology assay.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Host Immunity, Viral Immune Evasion, Recent Advances in Vaccines, Therapeutic Development, and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Sero-genomic evidence for occult mpox exposure in healthy Nigerian adults.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal-Fetal Implications of Mpox Infection: Current Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Serological evidence uncovers undocumented mpox exposure in febrile patients in Nigeria.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Potent neutralization by antibodies targeting the MPXV A28 protein.Nature communications · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMonkeypox virus has recently infected more than 88 000 people, raising concerns about our preparedness against this emerging viral pathogen. Licensed and approved for mpox, the JYNNEOS vaccine has fewer side-effects than previous smallpox vaccines and has shown immunogenicity against monkeypox in animal models. This study aims to elucidate human immune responses to JYNNEOS vaccination compared with mpox-induced immunity.
methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were obtained from ten individuals vaccinated with one or two doses of JYNNEOS and six individuals diagnosed with monkeypox virus infection. Samples were obtained from seven individuals before vaccination to serve as a baseline. We examined the polyclonal serum (ELISA) and single B-cell (heavy chain gene and transcriptome data) antibody repertoires and T-cell responses (activation-induced marker and intracellular cytokine staining assays) induced by the JYNNEOS vaccine versus monkeypox virus infection.
findingsAll participants were men between the ages of 21 and 60 years, except for one woman in the group of mpox-convalescent individuals, and none had previous orthopoxvirus exposure. All mpox cases were mild. Vaccinee samples were collected 6-33 days after the first dose and 5-40 days after the second dose. Mpox-convalescent samples were collected 20-102 days after infection. In vaccine recipients, gene-level plasmablast and antibody responses were negligible and sera displayed moderate binding to recombinant orthopoxviral proteins (A29L, A35R, E8L, A30L, A27L, A33R, B18R, and L1R) and native proteins from the 2022 monkeypox outbreak strain. By contrast, recent monkeypox virus infection (within 20-102 days) induced robust serum antibody responses to monkeypox virus proteins and to native monkeypox virus proteins from a viral isolate obtained during the 2022 outbreak. JYNNEOS vaccine recipients presented robust orthopoxviral CD4
interpretationInfection with monkeypox virus resulted in robust B-cell and T-cell responses, whereas immunisation with JYNNEOS elicited more robust T-cell responses. These data can help to inform vaccine design and policies for preventing mpox in humans.
fundingNational Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (National Institutes of Health), and Icahn School of Medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.