ReviewJournal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance2023
4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update.
Review in Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 155 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pulmonary hypertension and the role of MRI flow assessment: a systematic review.The British journal of radiology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation by cardiac magnetic resonance and comparison with echocardiography: a systematic review.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Superficial Femoral Artery Velocity Measurements in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI · 2023Trial
- 4D Flow MRI-Based Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Possible Approach to Improve Measurement Repeatability.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Postprandial Changes in Thoracic Aortic Flow Detected by 4D Flow MRI May Influence Study Results.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Investigating Biventricular Intracardiac Flow Remodeling in Marathon Athletes With 4D Flow Cardiac MRI.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- 5D Flow MRI Reveals Respiration-Driven Changes in Blood Flow Energetics in Congenital Heart Disease.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal Framework of Left Heart-Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Underlying Right Ventricular Failure in PH-HFpEF.Circulation. Heart failure · 2026Article
- From Case Studies to Cohort of Patients: Automating FSI Simulations to Uncover Downstream Effects of Ascending Aortic Grafts.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Cardiac morphology and flow dynamics in children born to hypertensive pregnancies.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Quantification of Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation With 2D and 4D-Flow MRI: Comparison of Different Methods in Adult Patients With Ebstein's Anomaly.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Determinants of Abnormal Pulmonary Vasodilatory Response With Exercise in HFpEF: Pulmonary Vascular-Left Atrial Axis Abnormalities.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Article
- Automated whole-heart volumetrics and haemodynamics from 4D flow CMR magnitude images: development and validation of a deep learning model.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- The role of artificial intelligence in pediatric cardiovascular imaging: clinical applications and future directions in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Characteristic flow of different right ventricular outflow tract morphology in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients studied by 4D-flow cardiac magnetic resonance images.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Temporal Convolutional Neural Network Analysis of Magnetocardiography Signals for Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Contour Boundary Offsets on 4D Flow CMR-Derived Intracardiac Haemodynamic Parameters.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Four-dimensional flow MRI for identifying high-risk esophageal varices: a comparison and combination with spleen volume and splenic extracellular volume fraction.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Comparison of compressed sensing and conventional 4D flow MRI for turbulent kinetic energy assessment in healthy participants and patients with aortic stenosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of Partial Echo on 4D Flow MRI: The Insight From Synthetic MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 '4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement'. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.