ArticlePsychopharmacology2023
Pharmacological characterisation of the effort for reward task as a measure of motivation for reward in male mice.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effort, timing and choice: a refined rodent effort choice task with excellent sensitivity to dopamine modulators.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Preclinical models for evaluating psychedelics in the treatment of major depressive disorder.British journal of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Conditioned versus innate effort-based tasks reveal divergence in antidepressant effect on motivational state in male mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Effort-Based Forage Task: An Ethological Behavioral Test for Assessing Motivation and Apathy-Related Behavior in Mice.Current protocols · 2025Article
- Sub-chronic stress exerts partially distinct behavioral and epigenetic effects in male and female mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Validation of a non-food or water motivated effort-based foraging task as a measure of motivational state in male mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Characterisation of behaviours relevant to apathy syndrome in the aged male rat.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleMotivational deficits are a common symptom shared across multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Effort-based decision-making tasks are a translatable method for assessing motivational state. Much of the preclinical validation of the task derives from acute pharmacological manipulations in rats. However, mice currently offer a greater genetic toolkit to study risk genes and phenotypic models. Despite this, there is limited characterisation of their behaviour in this type of motivation task.
objectivesHere, we investigate the effort for reward (EfR) task as a measure of motivational state in mice using drugs previously shown to modulate effort-based decision-making in rats and humans.
methodUsing male C57bl/6j mice, we test the effects of drugs which modulate DA transmission. We also test the effects of CP101-606 which does not act directly via DA modulation but has been shown to exert beneficial effects on motivational state. Finally, we test the sensitivity of the task to a chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment.
resultsAmphetamine, methylphenidate, and CP101606 in mice increased high-effort responses for high-value reward, while administration of haloperidol decreased high-effort responses. Surprisingly, tetrabenazine had no effect at the doses tested. Chronic, low-dose CORT consumption did not alter task performance.
conclusionThese data suggest that the EfR task is sensitive to acute dopaminergic modulation and NR2B selective antagonism in mice. However, it may lack sensitivity to non-acute phenotypic models. Further work is required to demonstrate the utility of the task in this context.
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