ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
Soft Tick Relapsing Fever - United States, 2012-2021.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relapsing fever revisited: New insights into neglected borrelial infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevalence, distribution, and phylogenetics of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae in the soft tick Ornithodoros turicata americanus in Florida.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Update on North American tick-borne diseases and how to diagnose them.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Review
- Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Novel Rickettsia and host records for argasid ticks, including Alveonasus cooleyi, on wild mammals in Baja California, Mexico.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Ornithodoros hermsi.Trends in parasitology · 2024Review
- Systematic investigation of theOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Multifunctional interaction of CihC/FbpC orthologs of relapsing fever spirochetes with host-derived proteins involved in adhesion, fibrinolysis, and complement evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Soft tick relapsing fever (STRF) (also known as tickborne relapsing fever) is a rare infection caused by certain Borrelia spirochetes and transmitted to humans by soft-bodied Ornithodoros ticks. In the United States, acquisition of STRF is commonly associated with exposure to rustic cabins, camping, and caves. Antibiotic treatment is highly effective for STRF, but without timely treatment, STRF can result in severe complications, including death. No nationally standardized case definition for STRF exists; however, the disease is reportable in 12 states. This report summarizes demographic and clinical information for STRF cases reported during 2012-2021 from states where STRF is reportable. During this period, 251 cases were identified in 11 states. The median annual case count was 24. Most patients with STRF (55%) were hospitalized; no fatalities were reported. The geographic distribution and seasonal pattern of STRF have remained relatively constant since the 1990s. Persons should avoid rodent-infested structures and rodent habitats, such as caves, in areas where STRF is endemic. STRF surveillance, prevention, and control efforts would benefit from a standardized case definition and increased awareness of the disease among the public and clinicians.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.