ReviewEncephalitis (Seoul, Korea)2021
Understanding new-onset refractory status epilepticus from an immunological point of view.
Review in Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromodulation in new-onset refractory status epilepticus.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Advances and Future Perspectives in Immunopathogenesis and Management.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet Therapy for Adult Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): A Case Series of Five Patients and Clinical Efficacy Analysis.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome diversity in a febrile seizure mouse model.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Seizures and multiple sclerosis‑more than an epidemiological association (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure related with serum cytokine in epilepsy patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is unexpected onset of refractory status epilepticus in individuals with no preexisting relevant neurologic condition. The etiologies remain largely cryptogenic; treatment is challenging after failure to control seizures despite use of multiple antiepileptic drugs and anesthetic agents. Frequent fever and other infectious prodromes, elevated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels, and limbic or multifocal brain lesions indicate active inflammation in NORSE. Among identified causes, autoimmune encephalitis is the most common and accounts for more than one-third of all known NORSE cases, followed by infection-related etiologies. Although more evidence is needed, anti-cytokine therapies with tocilizumab and anakinra along with other immunotherapeutic agents used in autoimmune encephalitis can aid in alleviating or hindering the inflammatory cascade and controlling seizures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.