ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2023
Food Insecurity Is Associated With Low Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in South African Persons With HIV.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Dual Prevention Pill for HIV & Pregnancy Prevention: A Pilot Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zimbabwe.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Food insecurity is associated with greater difficulty accessing care among people living with HIV with or without comorbid non-communicable diseases in western Kenya.BMJ global health · 2024Trial
- Adherence thresholds of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: A scoping review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Food insecurity and mental health outcomes among people with HIV in West Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Food insecurity has been linked to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in persons with HIV (PWH). This association has not been evaluated using tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs), a biomarker of cumulative ART adherence and exposure. Methods: Within a prospective South African cohort of treatment-naive PWH initiating ART, a subset of participants with measured TFV-DP in DBS values was assessed for food insecurity status. Bivariate and multivariate median-based regression analysis compared the association between food insecurity and TFV-DP concentrations in DBSs adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, medication possession ratio (MPR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results: Drug concentrations were available for 285 study participants. Overall, 62 (22%) PWH reported worrying about food insecurity and 44 (15%) reported not having enough food to eat in the last month. The crude median concentrations of TFV-DP in DBSs differed significantly between those who expressed food insecurity worry versus those who did not (599 [interquartile range {IQR}, 417-783] fmol/punch vs 716 [IQR, 453-957] fmol/punch; Conclusions: In this study, food insecurity worry is associated with lower TFV-DP concentrations in South African PWH. This highlights the role of food insecurity as a social determinant of HIV outcomes including ART failure and resistance.
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Registered trials
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