Observational studyInternational breastfeeding journal2023
The association of breast feeding for at least six months with hemodynamic and metabolic health of women and their children aged three years: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in International breastfeeding journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk and Infant Gut Microbiome in Association With Infant Fecal Metabolome and Child Blood Pressure.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- An Observational Study Protocol for Assessing Lactation Intensity and Reduction in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome After a Maternal Complication of Pregnancy (LEMON Study).Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Observational
- The association between breastfeeding and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with a previous major pregnancy complication.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Maternal Satisfaction with Perinatal Care and Breastfeeding at 6 Months Postpartum.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Exclusive lactation is associated with improved lipid profile postpartum.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among US Women.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Infant Gut Microbiota and Childhood Blood Pressure: Prospective Associations and the Modifying Role of Breastfeeding.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Lack of association between breastfeeding duration and body mass index in children and adolescents - A Swedish cohort study.PloS one · 2025Observational
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Window into Breastfeeding Outcomes in Varied Healthcare Systems.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Knowledge on breastfeeding and improving cardiometabolic disease following a major complication of pregnancy: A qualitative analysis.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding is important for both mother and child in reducing risk of future cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it may be an effective method to improve cardio-metabolic health, particularly those who are exposed to pregnancy complications which increase later CVD risk for both mother and child. The aim of this study is to assess differences in cardiometabolic health at three years postpartum in mothers who breastfed for at least six months and their children compared to those who did not.
methodsWomen and children from the Screening Tests to Predict Poor Outcomes of Pregnancy (STOP) study (2015-2017) were invited to attend a health check-up at three years postpartum. Women's breastfeeding status at least six months postpartum was ascertained through their child health record. Anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements were taken from women and their children. A fasting blood sample was taken from women to measure blood glucose and lipids.
resultsA total of 160 woman-child dyads were assessed in this study. Women who breastfed for at least six months had significantly lower maternal BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, central systolic blood pressure, and central diastolic blood pressure than those who did not and this did not change after adjusting for BMI and socioeconomic index in early pregnancy, prenatal smoking and maternal age in early pregnancy. Subgroup analysis on women who had one or more pregnancy complications during the index pregnancy (i.e. preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, delivery of a small for gestational age infant, delivery of a preterm infant, and/or gestational diabetes mellitus) demonstrated that women who breastfed for at least six months had significantly lower maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum insulin and triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol. There were no differences in child anthropometric or hemodynamic variables at three years of age between those children who had been breastfed for at least six months and those who had not.
conclusionBreastfeeding for at least six months may reduce some maternal; cardiovascular risk factors in women at three years postpartum, in particular, in those who have experienced a complication of pregnancy.
trial registrationACTRN12614000985684 (12/09/2014).
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