SynthesisBMC medicine2023
Probiotic supplementation during antibiotic treatment is unjustified in maintaining the gut microbiome diversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of probiotic supplementation on faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2026Pooled it
- Kefir: A Potential Gut Microbiota Modulator: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota diversity in healthy populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pilot study evaluating tolerability and changes in fecal microbiota associated with novel probiotic administration to dogs with diarrhea.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Trial
- Probiotics and Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Aberrations in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut-lung axis and microbiome alterations in mycobacterial infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Protective effects of Bacillus clausii against Amoxicillin-induced hepatic injury are associated with Attenuation of LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signalling.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- An Aeromonad selectively removes a class of pathogens from shrimp, prevents disease and preserves a healthy commensal microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prebiotics Enhance Microbiome Recovery Following Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Oral administration ofJournal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, Modulation, and Mitigation: Dietary-Gut Microbiome Strategies Against Antibiotic Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation After Antibiotics Promotes Recovery of Microbial Diversity and Function, and Increases Gut Barrier Integrity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic course frequency and recovery strategies alter gut microbial composition and metabolism.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Probiotics in Allergy Therapy: Scientific Evidence and Clinical Applications.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Oral-Gut Microbiota Axis Across the Lifespan: New Insights on a Forgotten Interaction.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Probiotic preserving extract supplementation as a novel attitude in managing diabetes mellitus.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProbiotics are often used to prevent antibiotic-induced low-diversity dysbiosis, however their effect is not yet sufficiently summarized in this regard. We aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent probiotic supplementation on gut microbiome composition during antibiotic therapy.
methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting the differences in gut microbiome diversity between patients on antibiotic therapy with and without concomitant probiotic supplementation. The systematic search was performed in three databases (MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)) without filters on 15 October 2021. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021282983).
resultsOf 11,769 identified articles, 15 were eligible in the systematic review and 5 in the meta-analyses. Quantitative data synthesis for Shannon (MD = 0.23, 95% CI: [(-)0.06-0.51]), Chao1 (MD = 11.59 [(-)18.42-41.60]) and observed OTUs (operational taxonomic unit) (MD = 17.15 [(-)9.43-43.73]) diversity indices revealed no significant difference between probiotic supplemented and control groups. Lacking data prevented meta-analyzing other diversity indices; however, most of the included studies reported no difference in the other reported α- and ß-diversity indices between the groups. Changes in the taxonomic composition varied across the eligible studies but tended to be similar in both groups. However, they showed a potential tendency to restore baseline levels in both groups after 3-8 weeks. This is the first meta-analysis and the most comprehensive review of the topic to date using high quality methods. The limited number of studies and low sample sizes are the main limitations of our study. Moreover, there was high variability across the studies regarding the indication of antibiotic therapy and the type, dose, and duration of antimicrobials and probiotics.
conclusionsOur results showed that probiotic supplementation during antibiotic therapy was not found to be influential on gut microbiome diversity indices. Defining appropriate microbiome diversity indices, their standard ranges, and their clinical relevance would be crucial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.