ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2023
Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 504 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
504 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- A systematic review on vaccine developmental approaches: Evaluating efficacy, and addressing challenges of infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 era.Virus research · 2026Pooled it
- Animal models of allergic rhinitis: current progress and advances in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome models.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Pooled it
- Age-related differences in immune responses to inactivated influenza and adjuvanted recombinant herpes zoster vaccines.JCI insight · 2026Trial
- Oligosaccharide adjuvant-deferred antigen endocytosis promotes cross-presentation.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Next-generation vaccine adjuvants: Integrating nanotechnology, systems immunology, and computational approaches for precision vaccinology.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Microbiota-derived self-adjuvanting exopolysaccharide-based codelivery system for potent cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Opportunities and challenges for cancer immunotherapy based on antigen cross-presentation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Nanoemulsion adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccine enhances protective antibody titers against H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparative innate immune responses across major RNA and DNA viral infections: Mechanisms, immunopathology, and therapeutic perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Non-Invasively Quantitative Raman Imaging for Calculation of Lymphatic Transport Kinetics of Micelles in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- AVaccines · 2026Article
- CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 nanostructured adjuvant platform as a safe and effective alternative in Bothrops diporus antivenom production.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Reviving cancer vaccines in renal cell carcinoma: a new chapter in immunotherapy for kidney cancer.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Review
- From injection to inhalation: A STING-activating mucosal adjuvant reprograms vaccination.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Zika virus-like particle-based vaccine in a highly penetrant non-human primate model of congenital infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Recent developments in cancer immuno-interception strategies.Trends in molecular medicine · 2026Review
444 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response, the adjuvants' action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals, which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens, as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs. The adjuvants' action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review. This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms, properties, and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants, which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants, a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms, which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines. On this basis, this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.