ArticlePloS one2023
Neoxanthin is undetectable in human blood after ingestion of fresh young spinach leaf.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary carotenoids and breast cancer risk: evidence from a large population-based incident case-control study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Potential ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Marine Carotenoids: A Critical Review of Bioactivities, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Potential.BioMed research international · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the carotenoid neoxanthin was contained in young leafy vegetables including spinach and showed a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vitro. To evaluate the bioavailability of neoxanthin, a raw young spinach leaf (100 g day-1 for 4 weeks) intake test was performed on 14 participants (36.5 ± 8.0 years; male:female ratio = 9:5). Neoxanthin, neochrome, β-carotene, and lutein concentration in the spinach and blood of participants (before and after the test) was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Neither neoxanthin nor neochrome was detected in the blood samples, whereas β-carotene and lutein concentration significantly increased (1.4- and 1.9-fold, respectively) during testing. Neoxanthin bioavailability in humans is low; thus, it is unlikely to have a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vivo, contrary to the result in vitro. Ingesting the leafy vegetables raw can help maintain high neoxanthin levels, but it is not beneficial for neoxanthin bioavailability.
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