ArticleThe Plant cell2023
Jurassic NLR: Conserved and dynamic evolutionary features of the atypically ancient immune receptor ZAR1.
Article in The Plant cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Natural Diversity and Rational Design for Enhanced Plant Immunity.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Review
- Contrasting evolutionary patterns of helper and sensor NRC NLRs in lettuce reflect functional divergence following subfunctionalization.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Blue Native-PAGE Assay of NLR Protein Complexes Combined with Genetic Complementation in Nicotiana benthamiana.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Solanum bulbocastanum nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor evolution reveals functional variants and critical residues in Rpi-blb1/RB.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2025Article
- A physical model links structure and function in the plant immune system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases mediated signaling in plant immunity: convergence and divergence.Stress biology · 2025Review
- The Marchantia polymorpha pangenome reveals ancient mechanisms of plant adaptation to the environment.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Phylogenomic analysis reveals exceptions to the co-evolution of ZAR1 and ZRK immune gene families in plants.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Activation of plant immunity through conversion of a helper NLR homodimer into a resistosome.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across asterid plants.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Bioengineering secreted proteases converts divergent Rcr3 orthologs and paralogs into extracellular immune co-receptors.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Birth and expansion of NRC immune receptors across the largest group of flowering plants.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- NRC Immune receptor networks show diversified hierarchical genetic architecture across plant lineages.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Plant NLR immunity activation and execution: a biochemical perspective.Open biology · 2024Review
- NLR receptors in plant immunity: making sense of the alphabet soup.EMBO reports · 2023Review
- Tracing the evolution of the ZAR1 resistosome back to the Jurassic era.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Sensor NLR immune proteins activate oligomerization of their NRC helpers in response to plant pathogens.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Article
- An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- The origin and evolution of a plant resistosome.The Plant cell · 2022Article
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9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors generally exhibit hallmarks of rapid evolution, even at the intraspecific level. We used iterative sequence similarity searches coupled with phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1), an atypically conserved NLR that traces its origin to early flowering plant lineages ∼220 to 150 million yrs ago (Jurassic period). We discovered 120 ZAR1 orthologs in 88 species, including the monocot Colocasia esculenta, the magnoliid Cinnamomum micranthum, and most eudicots, notably the Ranunculales species Aquilegia coerulea, which is outside the core eudicots. Ortholog sequence analyses revealed highly conserved features of ZAR1, including regions for pathogen effector recognition and cell death activation. We functionally reconstructed the cell death activity of ZAR1 and its partner receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) from distantly related plant species, experimentally validating the hypothesis that ZAR1 evolved to partner with RLCKs early in its evolution. In addition, ZAR1 acquired novel molecular features. In cassava (Manihot esculenta) and cotton (Gossypium spp.), ZAR1 carries a C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain, and in several taxa, ZAR1 duplicated into 2 paralog families, which underwent distinct evolutionary paths. ZAR1 stands out among angiosperm NLR genes for having experienced relatively limited duplication and expansion throughout its deep evolutionary history. Nonetheless, ZAR1 also gave rise to noncanonical NLRs with integrated domains and degenerated molecular features.
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