ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
Relationship Between Human Meibum Lipid Composition and the Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Spectroscopic Analysis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01979887 (Characterization of Signs and Symptoms of Participants With and Without Meibomian Gland Dysfunction), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Characterization of Signs and Symptoms of Participants With and Without Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Perfluorohexyloctane for the Treatment of Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic research · 2025Pooled it
- Diurnal Variation of Tear and Meibum Lipids in Healthy Subjects.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Direct Correlation of Levels of Meibum Cholesteryl Esters, Hydrocarbon Chain Saturation, and Protein With Lipid Structure, in Relation to Age and Dry Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic Alteration of Meibum Lipid Composition Alleviates Dry Eye Phenotype in Awat2-/- Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Tear Film Imager Findings Support a New Perspective on the Mechanisms of Tear Film Thinning in Healthy Subjects.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Meibum Lipid Saturation Related to Dry Eye, Age, and Sex Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Composition of Human Meibomian Gland Secretions: Insights from TOF-SIMS Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula ameliorates meibomian gland dysfunction through the interleukin-17/nuclear factor kappa B pathway based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Changes in Human Meibum Lipid Composition Related to the Presence and Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2024Article
- Meibomian gland lipid alterations and ocular surface sequela in Awat2 knockout murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) in Eyelid Tissues and Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Topical Application of a Novel Harderian-Derived Nonpolar Lipid Prolongs Tear Film Breakup Time in Normal Beagle Dogs.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and TherapeuticsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Information on the relationship between meibum lipid composition and severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular components of meibum collected from individuals with no MGD, mild-to-moderate MGD, and severe MGD. Methods: Adults with and without MGD were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, exploratory clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01979887). Molar ratios of cholesteryl ester to wax ester (RCE/WE) and aldehyde to wax ester (Rald/WE) in meibum samples were measured with 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Results were evaluated for participants grouped by MGD disease status and severity (non-MGD, mild-to-moderate MGD, and severe MGD), as defined by maximum meibum quality scores, Schirmer test results, and Subject Ocular Symptom Questionnaire responses. Results: Sixty-nine meibum samples from 69 individuals were included in the analysis: 24 non-MGD, 24 mild-to-moderate MGD, and 21 severe MGD. Mean RCE/WE was 0.29 in non-MGD, 0.14 in mild-to-moderate MGD (P = 0.038 vs. non-MGD, 51% lower), and 0.07 in severe MGD (P = 0.16 vs. mild-to-moderate MGD, 52% lower; P = 0.002 vs. non-MGD, 76% lower). Mean Rald/WE was 0.00022 in non-MGD, 0.00083 in mild-to-moderate MGD (P = 0.07 vs. non-MGD, 277% higher), and 0.0024 in severe MGD (P = 0.003 vs. mild-to-moderate MGD, 190% higher; P < 0.001 vs. non-MGD, 992% higher). Conclusions: RCE/WE was lowest and Rald/WE was highest in the severe MGD cohort, suggesting that these meibum constituent molar ratios may result from the pathophysiology associated with MGD and can impact ocular surface lipid and tear film homeostasis. These findings may potentially help identify targets for MGD treatment.
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