ArticleEuropean radiology2023
Quantitative assessment of extraocular muscles in Graves' ophthalmopathy using T1 mapping.
Article in European radiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orbital MRI for thyroid eye disease activity staging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Multiparametric MRI quantitative metrics for grading and staging graves' ophthalmopathy.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Reliability of extraocular muscle biomechanics in the evaluation of disease activity in thyroid eye disease.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Habitat imaging based on water-fat separation for interpreting extraocular muscle heterogeneity in thyroid eye disease.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Scan-rescan reproducibility and interobserver reliability of T1 and T2 measurements of extraocular muscles using a multi-dynamic multi-echo MRI sequence.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning for severity classification of thyroid eye disease using orbital anatomical features.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Value of MRI and Radiomics for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the performance of T1 mapping in the characterization of extraocular muscles (EOMs) of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients and investigate its feasibility in assessing the response to glucocorticoid therapy in active GO patients.
methodsA total of 133 participants (78 active GO, 23 inactive GO, 18 Graves' disease (GD) patients, and 14 healthy volunteers) were consecutively enrolled from July 2018 to December 2020. Native T1 (nT1) and postcontrast T1 (cT1) values of EOMs were measured and compared. The variations in T1 mapping metrics of EOMs were compared pre/post glucocorticoid treatment in 23 follow-up active GO patients. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.
resultsThe nT1 of EOMs in GO patients was higher than that in GD patients and healthy volunteers. The nT1 of superior rectus (SR) in active GO was higher than that in inactive GO patients, and it could be used as a potential marker of GO activity (OR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.004), with a diagnostic sensitivity of 86.3% and specificity of 43.7%. Meanwhile, the cT1 of SR, inferior rectus (IR), and medial rectus (MR) in inactive GO patients were higher than those in active GO patients. The nT1 of EOMs achieved sufficient diagnostic performance in evaluating the response to glucocorticoid therapy for follow-up active GO patients (AUC, 0.797; sensitivity, 71.9%; specificity, 85.7%).
conclusionsT1 mapping could quantitatively assess the activity of GO and the response to glucocorticoid therapy in active GO patients and may even potentially reflect the fibrosis of EOMs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: T1 values can reflect the pathological status of the extraocular muscle. T1 mapping could help to quantitatively assess the clinical activity of GO and the response to glucocorticoid therapy in active GO patients. KEY POINTS: • Graves' ophthalmopathy patients had greater nT1 of extraocular muscles than Graves' disease patients and healthy volunteers, and nT1 of the superior rectus could be a potential marker of Graves' ophthalmopathy activity. • The cT1 of extraocular muscles in inactive Graves' ophthalmopathy patients was higher than that in active Graves' ophthalmopathy patients, and it might be associated with muscle fibrosis. • nT1 of extraocular muscles could offer sufficient diagnostic performance in evaluating the response to glucocorticoid therapy for follow-up active Graves' ophthalmopathy patients.
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