ArticleBundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz2023
[Occupational differences of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Germany. An analysis of health insurance data from 3.17 million insured persons].
Article in Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Representativeness and external comparability of the InGef research database for epidemiological studies in Germany.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Persistent Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Referred Occupational Clinical Registry: Symptom Patterns and Associated Factors.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.European journal of ageing · 2026Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on working conditions and mental health among employees in health and social services.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Analysis of Recognized Occupational Infectious Diseases in Germany Between 2018 and 2023.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Among Employees in Health and Social Services-A Longitudinal Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Investigating Factors Associated with Employees' Attitudes Towards Work-Related Infection Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study from Seven Different Companies in Germany, July-August 2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can pre-existing medical conditions explain occupational differences in COVID-19 disease severity? An analysis of 3.17 million people insured in Germany.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- Occupational risks of COVID-19: a case-cohort study using health insurance claims data in Germany.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Long-term course and factors influencing work ability and return to work in post-COVID patients 12 months after inpatient rehabilitation.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2024Article
- [Socially justice: health-environment-climate : Conference report on the 2024 Poverty and Health Congress].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Physical Health in Patients with Post-COVID-19 6 and 12 Months after an Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [Subjective health in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic-a comparison of socio-demographic groups and pandemic-related risk factors].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Education and pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infections in the German working population - the mediating role of working from home.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, occupation was assumed to play a central role in the occurrence of infection and disease. For Germany, however, there are only a few studies that analyse occupational differences in risk of COVID-19, COVID-19-associated hospitalisation, and mortality.
methodsThe study uses longitudinal health insurance data from the research database of the Institute for Applied Health Research (InGef) with information on 3.17 million insured persons aged 18-67 years (1,488,452 women; 1,684,705 men). Outcomes (morbidity, hospitalisation, and mortality) were determined on the basis of submitted COVID-19 diagnoses between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021. Occupations were classified according to four groupings of the official German classification of occupations. In addition to cumulative incidences, relative risks (RR) were calculated - separately for men and women.
resultsThere is an increased risk of disease in personal service occupations, especially in health care, compared to other occupations (RR for women 1.46; for men 1.30). The same applies to social and cultural service occupations (but only for women) and for manufacturing occupations (only for men). In addition, the risks for hospitalisation and mortality are increased for cleaning occupations and transport and logistics occupations (especially for men). For all three outcomes, the risks are higher in non-managerial occupations and differ by skill level (highest for unskilled jobs and lowest for expert positions).
conclusionThe study provides important findings on work- and gender-related differences in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Germany, which indicate starting points for structural infection protection measures.
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