ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2023
A brief history of crystalloids: the origin of the controversy.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Balanced electrolyte solutionWorld journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Implications of Fluid Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients.Cureus · 2026Review
- Fluid-therapy for Brain Surgery: A Narrative Review.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2026Article
- Allergy to Ringer's Lactate - Uncommon Cause of Anaphylaxis during Intraoperative Period: A Case Report.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2026Article
- Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution for perioperative fluid management in infants with biliary atresia: a prospective multicenter study.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Observational
- Intravenous fluid therapy: essential components and key considerations.Porto biomedical journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluid resuscitation with crystalloids has been used in humans for more than 100 years. In patients with trauma, sepsis or shock of any etiology, they can help modify the clinical course of the illness. However, these solutions are medications which are not side-effect free. Recently, they have been questioned in terms of quantity (fluid overload) and their composition. The most frequently used crystalloids, both in high and low-income countries, are 0.9% normal saline (NS) and Ringer's lactate. The first descriptions of the use of sodium and water solutions in humans date from the cholera epidemic which spread throughout Europe in 1831. The composition of the fluids used by medical pioneers at that time differs greatly from the 0.9% NS used routinely today. The term "
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.