ArticleBMC public health2023
Immediate and long-term changes in infectious diseases in China at the "First-level-response", "Normalized-control" and "Dynamic-COVID-zero" stages from 2020 to 2022: a multistage interrupted-time-series-analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal Population-Level Shifts in Infectious Disease-Specific Health Literacy During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zhejiang, China: Six-Round Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Differential associations of pathogen-specific co-infections with disease severity in pediatric RSV hospitalizations: a 3-year multicenter analysis.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Risk factors for hospitalization in pediatric patients with human adenovirus infection and changes in epidemiological and clinical characteristics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Differences in symptoms and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection across vaccination status and age groups during the national pandemic from December 2022 to February 2023 in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Shifting epidemic trends and severity in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the post-COVID-19 era.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of COVID-19-pandemic on the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in the Lazio region, Italy.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Changes in Infectious Disease-Specific Health Literacy in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Two-Round Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Impacts of Major Changes in China's COVID-19 Prevention and Control Policies on Emergency Department Visits: A Quasi-Experiment.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy at birth at the global, regional, and national levels: A joinpoint time-series analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrom January 2020 to December 2022, China implemented "First-level-response", "Normalized-control" and "Dynamic-COVID-zero" to block the COVID-19 epidemic; however, the immediate and long-term impact of three strategies on other infectious diseases and the difference in their impact is currently unknown. We aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on infectious diseases in China.
methodsWe collected data on the monthly case count of infectious diseases in China from January 2015 to July 2022. After considering long-term trends using the Cox-Stuart test, we performed the two ratio Z tests to preliminary analyze the impact of three strategies on infectious diseases. Next, we used a multistage interrupted-time-series analysis fitted by the Poisson regression to evaluate and compare the immediate and long-term impact of three strategies on infectious diseases in China.
resultsCompared to before COVID-19, the incidence of almost all infectious diseases decreased immediately at stages 1, 2, and 3; meanwhile, the slope in the incidence of many infectious diseases also decreased at the three stages. However, the slope in the incidence of all sexually transmitted diseases increased at stage 1, the slope in the incidence of all gastrointestinal infectious diseases increased at stage 2, and the slope in the incidence of some diseases such as pertussis, influenza, and brucellosis increased at stage 3. The immediate and long-term limiting effects of "Normalized-control" on respiratory-transmitted diseases were weaker than "First-level-response" and the long-term limiting effects of "Dynamic-COVID-zero" on pertussis, influenza, and hydatid disease were weaker than "Normalized-control".
conclusionsThree COVID-19 control strategies in China have immediate and long-term limiting effects on many infectious diseases, but there are differences in their limiting effects. Evidence from this study shows that pertussis, influenza, brucellosis, and hydatid disease began to recover at stage 3, and relaxation of NPIs may lead to the resurgence of respiratory-transmitted diseases and vector-borne diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.