ArticleBMC infectious diseases2023
Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020-2021).
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence of recovery rate and predictors among hospitalized COVID- 19 infected patients in Ethiopia; a systemic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Three Decades of Use of the Minimum Basic Data Set in Infectious Disease Research in Spain: A Scoping Review with an Evidence-Mapping Approach.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Hypertension and other comorbidities associated with increased mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in spain: a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Economic Burden of COVID-19 Hospitalization in Almaty, Kazakhstan.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
- Consideration of Cardiovascular Morbidities in the Relationship between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Individual-Level Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Article
- Risk model derivation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia patients discharged from the emergency department.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Impact of ceiling of care on mortality across four COVID-19 epidemic waves in Catalonia: a multicentre prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of the COVID-19 pneumonia in a group of hospitals from Madrid-Spain during the full period of the State of Alarm HM cohort.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and Economic Impact of Acute Respiratory Failure in the Prehospital Emergency Medical Service of the Madrid Community: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- New COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in Spain: Optimizing for next seasons.Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica · 2025Review
- A national population-based study of mortality and risk factors in COVID-19-hospitalized patients in Spain (2020-2021).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- An agent based simulation of COVID-19 history in Catalonia using extensive real datasets.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unveiling pandemic patterns: a detailed analysis of transmission and severity parameters across four COVID-19 waves in Bogotá, Colombia.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
- A nationwide Guillain-Barré syndrome epidemiological study in Spain during the COVID-19 years.European journal of neurology · 2024Observational
- Impact and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Based on Machine Learning Analysis of a Time Series: A Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Outcomes and Patterns of Evolution of Patients with Hematological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Study (2020-2022).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mortality and COVID Infection: Predictors of Mortality 10 Months after Discharge.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations in adults.Immunotherapy advances · 2024Article
- Assessing the impact of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on patients with COVID-19 and coexisting chronic lung disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2024Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSpain had some of Europe's highest incidence and mortality rates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we describe the epidemiology and trends in hospitalizations, the number of critical patients, and deaths in Spain in 2020 and 2021.
methodsWe performed a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study using an administrative database, the Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospitalization, which includes 95-97% of discharge reports for patients hospitalized in Spain in 2020 and 2021. We analyzed the number of hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and deaths and their geographic distribution across regions of Spain.
resultsAs of December 31, 2021, a total of 498,789 patients (1.04% of the entire Spanish population) had needed hospitalization. At least six waves of illness were identified. Men were more prone to hospitalization than women. The median age was 66. A total of 54,340 patients (10.9% of all hospitalizations) had been admitted to the intensive care unit. We identified 71,437 deaths (mortality rate of 14.3% among hospitalized patients). We also observed important differences among regions, with Madrid being the epicenter of hospitalizations and mortality.
conclusionsWe analyzed Spain's response to COVID-19 and describe here its experiences during the pandemic in terms of hospitalizations, critical illness, and deaths. This research highlights changes over several months and waves and the importance of factors such as vaccination, the predominant variant of the virus, and public health interventions in the rise and fall of the outbreaks.
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