ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2023
Brain and cognitive reserve mitigate balance dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Activity and Connectivity in Fatigued People with Multiple Sclerosis During a Static Balance Task: An fNIRS Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantifying motor-cognitive reserve using a novel multi-modal stress test.Brain communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundApproximately two-thirds of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) complain different degrees of balance dysfunction, but some of them are able to withstand considerable disease burden without an overt balance impairment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain and cognitive reserve lessen the effect of MS-related tissue damage on balance control.
methodsWe measured the postural sway of 148 patients and 74 sex- and age-matched healthy controls by force platform under different conditions reflecting diverse neuro-pathological substrates of balance dysfunction: eyes opened (EO), eyes closed (EC), and while performing the Stroop test, i.e., dual-task (DT). Lesion volumes on T2-hyperintense and T1-hypointense sequences, and normalized brain volume provided estimations of MS-related tissue damage in patients with MS. Hierarchical linear regressions explored the protective effect against the MS-related tissue damage of intracranial volume and educational attainment (proxies for brain and cognitive reserve, respectively) on balance.
resultsLarger intracranial volume and high educational attainment mitigated the detrimental effect of MS-related tissue damage on postural sway under EO (adjusted-R
conclusionOur findings suggest a protective role of brain and cognitive reserve even on balance, an outcome that relies on both motor control and higher order processing resources. The lack of a protective effect on postural sway under EC condition confirms that this latter outcome is closer associated with spinal cord rather than brain damage.
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