ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2023
4D Bioprinting via Molecular Network Contraction for Membranous Tissue Fabrication.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Toward 4D printed functional soft tissues.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Conjugation of Proangiogenic Peptide to Enhance a Soft Tissue Bioink.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025Article
- Stress relaxing granular bioprinting materials enable complex and uniform organoid self-organization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Delivery Materials for Tissue Repair.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- A self-hygroscopic, rapidly self-gelling polysaccharide-based sponge with robust wet adhesion for non-compressible hemorrhage control and infected wounds healing.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- 4D bioprinted self-folding scaffolds enhance cartilage formation in the engineering of trachea.Advanced materials technologies · 2025Article
- Advancements in Polymer Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering.Polymers · 2024Review
- 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Advances in 3D printing for the repair of tympanic membrane perforation: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Transparent GelMA biomaterials: Advanced solutions for ocular tissue engineering and regenerative ophthalmology.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Generation of thin membranous tissues (TMT), such as the cornea, epidermis, and periosteum, presents a difficult fabrication challenge in tissue engineering (TE). TMTs consist of several cell layers that are less than 100 µm in thickness per layer. While traditional methods provide the necessary resolution for TMT fabrication, they require significant handling and incorporation of several layers is limited. Extrusion bioprinting offers precise control over deposition of different biomaterials and cell populations within the same construct but lacks the resolution to generate biomimetic TMTs. For the first time, a 4D bioprinting strategy that allows for the generation of cell-laden TMTs is developed. Anionic gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels are treated with cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL), which induces charge attraction, microscale network collapse, and macroscale hydrogel shrinking. The impact of shrinking on hydrogel properties, print resolution, and cell viability is presented. Additionally, this work suggests that a novel mechanism is occurring, where PLL exhibits a contractile force on GelMA and PLL molecular weight drives GelMA shrinking capabilities. Finally, it is shown that this phenomenon can occur while maintaining an encapsulated cell population. These findings address a critical barrier by generating macroscale tissue structures with their microscale TMT counterparts in the same print.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.